Constitutional Developments During The Period Between 1860...

During the period between 1860 and 1877, many major changes occurred in America. There were many constitutional developments in this time period, which include the Emancipation Proclamation, the Civil War, and newly added Amendments. There were also many social developments included the Ku Klux Klan and voting of black people. Some of these developments were a revolution, which is a forcible overthrow of the government or social order in favor of a new system, and some were not. The constitutional developments started when the South tried to secede from the Union. The election of the anti-slavery Republican, Abraham Lincoln, as president in 1860 caused seven southern states to secede from the Union to form the Confederate States of†¦show more content†¦When the Confederacy did not stop, Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. The proclamation declared, That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freed om.† (Lincoln, 1863) Lincoln was re-elected in 1864, by Northern voters, for his second term, which ended all hope for a negotiated settlement with the Confederacy. Four years into the war and the Confederates start to surrendered after the re-election and the suffrage of the troops. The Union, out of default, won and the Southern states became part of America again. When the Civil War ended it proved that it was not a revolution because if it was then the Southern states would’ve successfully seceded. When the war ended slaves were finally considered â€Å"free†. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and was passed by the Congress on January 31st, 1865, and Constitutional Developments During The Period Between 1860... During the period between 1860 and 1877, many major changes occurred in America. There were many constitutional developments in this time period, which include the Emancipation Proclamation, the Civil War, and newly added Amendments. There were also many social developments included the Ku Klux Klan and voting of black people. Some of these developments were a revolution, which is a forcible overthrow of the government or social order in favor of a new system, and some were not. The constitutional developments started when the South tried to secede from the Union. The election of the anti-slavery Republican, Abraham Lincoln, as president in 1860 caused seven southern states to secede from the Union to form the Confederate States of America. Four more states tried seceding by using the 10th amendment, which declared â€Å"the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states.† The secession of Southern states caused a Civil War, which was, by itself, not a revolution. The Civil War is considered â€Å"America’s bloodiest clash†, which started in 1861 and ended in 1865. The Union was pitted against the Confederate States and resulted in the death of more than 620,000, with millions more injured. The war was over issues including states’ rights versus federal authority, westward expansion, and slavery. Two years into the Civil War, Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22nd, 1862.Show MoreRelatedConstitutional Developments During The Period Between 1860 And 18771671 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the period between 1860 and 1877, many major changes occurred in America. There were many constitutional developments in this time period, which include the Emancipation Proclamation, the Civil War, and newly added Amendments. There were also many social developments included the Ku Klux Klan and voting of black people. Some of these developments were a revolution, which is a forcible overthrow of the government or social order in favor of a new system, and some were not. The constitutionalRead MoreEssay on Social and Constitutional Development in America (1860-1877)748 Words   |  3 PagesSocial and Constitutional Development in America (1860-1877) During the post-civil war era, America, specifically the south, was undergoing a period of reconstruction. The general goal of reconstruction was to successfully readmit the former Confederacy back into the Union as smoothly as possible, as well as enacting specific safeguards of freedmen’s liberties. The social and constitutional developments in America between 1860 and 1877 were very minor. The lack of change between pre and postRead MoreCivil War Reconstruction Dbq Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the time period of 1860 and 1877 many major changes occurred. From the beginning of the civil war to the fall of the reconstruction, the United States changed dramatically. Nearly one hundred years after the Declaration of Independence which declared all men equal, many social and constitutional alterations were necessary to protect the rights of all people, no matter their race. These social and constitutional developments that were made during 1860 to 1877 were so dra stic it could be calledRead MoreThe Freedom And Full Citizenship Of All African Americans907 Words   |  4 Pagespresident in 1860 and because of this the south seceded and formed the confederate states of America. Shortly after, the civil war begun with the attack on fort Sumter and more southern states seceded. During the civil war Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation that freed all the slaves in the states that seceded, this was the first step to the freedom and full citizenship of all African Americans. During the time of the civil war and reconstruction period constitutional and social developments moderatelyRead More1860-1877 Revolution Due to Social Developments1383 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout American history, many have worked to make constitutional and social equality for all Americans, slave and free, black and white. Between 1860 and 1877, America had gone through civil war and reconstruction, from destructive to constructive. Hence, there had been many factors that attributed to constitutional and social developments in America history, but the main reasons for the change could attribute to the economic rivalry between the industrial North and the agricultural SouthRead MoreA SELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS:3529 Words   |  15 PagesSELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS: Part 1: Colonial Period to Civil War Colonial Times 1607 -1775 1. From 1600 -1763, several European nations vied for control of the North American continent. Why did England win the struggle? (73) 2. In the seventeenth century, New England Puritans tried to create a model society. What were their aspirations, and to what extent were those aspirations fulfilled during the seventeenth century? (83) 3. In the two decades before the outbreakRead MoreApush Dbqs Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pageschallenges the United States faced between 1968 and 1974, and evaluate how President Richard Nixon’s administration responded to them. (Form B) 1. Explain the ways that participation in political campaigns and elections in the United States changed between 1815 and 1840, and analyze forces and events that led to these changes. 2010 DBQ: (Form A) 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies fromRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction2195 Words   |  9 PagesReconstruction Overview Decades before the actual Civil War the nation was under national unity, however that shifted with new political system and movements. Coming of the Civil War Resistance of Slavery Slavery was implemented in the Americas prominently during the colonial era. Their contribution and labor to plantations was incomparable. As detailed by Fitzhugh, after centuries of oppression and abuse resistance opposing slavery were in many forms beginning with the written constitution in late 18th centuryRead MoreSlavery Cause for Civil War1483 Words   |  6 PagesMAIN CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR) US History to 1877 – HIST101 American Military University, 26 April 2014 Many factors led to the occurrence of the American Civil War. The key issues were slavery, different political ideologies, right of the people, and economic reasons. However, the key reasons that lead to the Civil War was slavery. Slavery is touted as the main cause of the conflict between the states in the northern part and those in the south. To date, slaveryRead MoreEmancipation And The Historical Memory Of Reconstruction Essay2661 Words   |  11 Pagessociety that they could vote, hold political offices, and legislate effectively. However, the bitterness and regular acts of violence toward African Americans that characterized most of this period has caused many Americans to disregard or totally erase from their collective memories this most important period in the nation?s history. This article discusses more fully the historical memory of Reconstruction. The American Civil War (1861?1865) ended with a decisive victory for the Union. The Confederacy

The story of Alice Sebold’s memoir begins with her as a...

The story of Alice Sebold’s memoir begins with her as a freshman at Syracuse University and the scene in which she is brutally raped. Sebold writes in vivid detail on how the rape went throughout the beginning of the chapter. She was walking back to her dormitory through a park during nighttime when she was suddenly assaulted and raped by a black man. After the traumatizing experience, she makes her back to her dorm where she told her friends about the rape. One of her roommate’s black friends gives her a hug in order to apologize on behalf of the black men and to make her not judge them as rapists due to the incident. After meeting with her friends, they take her emergency room. A police officer later tells her that she was â€Å"lucky†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Sebold further explains her feelings about the rape. She says how people did not see her the same way because she was â€Å"ruined† or â€Å"tainted.† She goes through a series of encou nters with people where she felt isolated from them because they did not know what to say to her or did not think she was the same person as before. Even through all of the isolation, she still decides to return to Syracuse. Everyone who knew about her rape felt uneasy towards her and tried to stay away from her. She begins taking hard-to-get-in classes such as a poetry workshop with Tess Gallagher and a writing workshop with Tobias Wolff. She starts to become fairly close to Mrs. Gallagher after showing her a poem that she wrote about the feelings she had for her rapist because Gallagher actually understood how she felt. One day on her way to Wolff’s class, she spots her rapist on Marshall Street and has an encounter with him. He asks her if he had seen her somewhere before but she ignored him and continued to walk. She notifies the police and the rapist, soon identified as Gregory Madison, is arrested. The story later develops into whether or not she wanted to testify her rape case since many rape victims would rather not continue and just leave everything in the past. Sebold, on the other hand, wants to testify and agrees to press charges and to actually be a witness in the triel. SheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Critical analysis of Alice Sebolds The Lovely Bones3148 Words   |  13 Pages Alice Sebold’s number one national bestselling novel The Lovely Bones depicts the horrendous rape and murder of a small-town girl named Suzie Salmon. Suzie must then watch--from her own personal heaven—her family and friends struggle to cope and move on with their lives. The novel is set in the suburbs of Norristown, Pennsylvania, 1973. Published in 2002, The Lovely Bones became an instant bestseller, and in 2010 it was released into theaters around the world. Alice Sebold’s early years helped

Hong Kong Business Law Assignment Free Essays

Hong Kong Business Law Assignment 1 1. Zoe wants to sue the retailer to claim back property damage of $22,000. The consumer claim to sue the retailer of HK$22,000 is a minor monetary claim. We will write a custom essay sample on Hong Kong Business Law Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Smalls Claims Tribunal was set up to deal with monetary claims involving amounts not exceeding HK$50,000. It is an inferior court which provides a quick , inexpensive and informal method of adjudicating disputes relating to minor monetary claim. Legal representation is not allowed. It is most feasible for Zoe to claim back the HK$22,000 with minimal litigation costs. 2. Possess 0. 05 gram ketamine is categorized as a summary offence. Legal actions for summary offences can be heard in the Magistracy. The Magistracy was set up to exercise criminal jurisdiction over a wide range of indictable and summary offences meriting up to 2 years’ imprisonment and a fine of $100,000. Magistrate can also issue warrants, bind a person over to keep the peace and a grant bail. 3. Annie will bring an action under the tort law. Tort law concerns with claims for property damage and personal injuries directly arising out of breaches of a duty of care owed by one individual to another. Tort law provides compensation for both injury to the person and property, causing pure economic loss and for injury. The District Court has limited jurisdiction in both civil and criminal matters. It has civil jurisdiction to hear monetary claims from $ 50,001 and up to $ 1 million. The common types of civil action that the District Court deals with are claims for breach of contract and tort claims. Legal actions for tort claims can be heard in the district court. As Annie wants to claim for claim compensation of HK $85,000, the amount is within the civil jurisdiction of the District Court. Annie can apply to the District Court and a judge will determine whether or not Annie’s case will succeed. 4. Bonnie Li can apply to the Labour Tribunal for the unreasonable dismissal by Asia Construction Materials Ltd. Labour Tribunal was set up to provide a quick, inexpensive and informal method of setting disputes between employees and employers. Legal representation is not allowed. It deals with claims arising from the breach of a term of a contract of employment including employment protection. An employee may claim for remedies against an employer under situation of unreasonable dismissal. It is most feasible for Bonnie Li to recover salary in lieu of notice, relevant accrued fringe benefits owed by the employer and other associated compensation with minimal litigation costs. 5. Henry can apply to the Court of First Instance of the High Court for a legal action for judicial review of the decision of the Legislative Council. Constitutional Law are rules which effect distribution and exercise of power and relate to legislature, the executive institutions and the judiciary. Under the Basic Law, legislative council of HKSAR is deemed in law as â€Å"legislature of the Region†. Because the Court of First Instance can exercise supervisory jurisdictions. Supervisory jurisdiction is exercised over inferior courts, tribunals, administrative authorities or public bodies acting judicially through applications for judicial review procedure by the alleged aggravated party. A judge will determine whether or not Henry’s case will succeed. How to cite Hong Kong Business Law Assignment, Essay examples

Information Security System of Foodland Supermarkets Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Information Security System of Foodland Supermarkets. Answer: Introduction Overview of strategic information security With the new emphasis on both the physical and digital information insecurity issues resulting from illegal users and terrorist threats, Asani (2014) points out that many organizations and information security professionals focus on strategies that will help in curbing the issue. Every business currently tries to adopt security systems that will help in protecting the information assets of their businesses. As a result, Kearney andKruger (2016) assert that emphases are made of the broader roles of the different information security systems. The resulting effect is sound security policies in line with the strategic goals that provide insights to organizational managers and IT professionals on issues that are surrounding the protection of valuable information assets (D'Arcy, Herath Shoss 2014, p. 286). In this century, information security system is an emerging issue that has become a big issue in the information systems. Therefore, a strategic information security is used to help in achieving the strategic security goals of an organization (Boss et al. 2016, 850). With the competitive business environment of the 21st century, information security is a major issue that requires strategic planning and implementation so that every organization can be equipped with the insecurity issues experienced in the current market. However, Boss et al. (2015) reiterates that effective information security systems rely not just on procedures and policies or even hardware and software, but hinges on a mindset that the security of an organization is a core part of the business management other than just an afterthought. Objective of the report With the advancement in technology, businesses have not only progressed positively but have also been exposed to different threats according to Sohrabi et al. (2016, p. 56). Information insecurity is hence a major issue of the current business century with increasing reports of fraud, leakage of business secrets, corruption, information loss among other challenges as identified by D'Arcy, Herath, and Shoss (2015, p. 290). It is thus aimed at giving a description of the importance of Information Security systems and the role it plays in the organization. The paper is thus aimed at providing the overview and analysis of the current information security threats and challenges experienced in the current business. Like Foodland Supermarkets, Asani (2014) points out that once an organization incorporates security information systems, it boosts its security and competitive ability, among other useful management practices and effectively use their human resources thus increasing the producti vity of the resources. The management of Foodland Supermarkets can thus take note of its key objectives in their information security system to identify the possible areas of development. Structure of the report This paper presents a case study of the Foodland supermarkets in Australia. The paper gives a case study overview of the information security systems of Foodland Supermarkets adopted with the aim of not only improving the customer satisfaction and increasing their customer base but boosting the security as well. The paper thus begins by presenting an overview of information security systems and the current issues facing the handling of the general information in the current business. With Foodland Supermarkets as a case study, the paper addresses strategies adopted in controlling risks to information security adopted protection mechanisms, and analysis of the personnel involved in the process. It as well examines the PRT network monitor as well as the laws and ethics behind an information security system that governs organizations such as Foodland Supermarkets while implementing the information security systems. Information security assessment and organizational discussion Controlling risk When Colin Rugless made a retirement decision, he needed a clear succession strategy so as to pass the ownership as well as the management of the four Foodland stores to his son and daughter. It was a renowned family business in the community that had a successful performance and management history in the food industry. The succession hence required a strategic solution that would not only provide a peace of mind for Mr. Colin but would also protect the hard-earned assets and maintain the good reputation of the business. Buck (2013) in his article reports that challenges of insecurity were a major issue as a result of technological advancement that was becoming a vital requirement so as to remain competitive in the food industry. As a result, the management and the employees adopted information security systems as one of the modern ways of embracing technology while maintaining the security of the business as well. The adoption of the strategy was adopted under three major steps. First, Foodland Supermarkets ensured that the management and the employees of Foodland Supermarkets received through education and training on information security. In their study, Chen, Ramamurthy, and Wen (2012) point out that education and training is one of an essential information security issues currently affecting many businesses. It has thus been identified by IT directors, CISOs, managers, and staff among other security stakeholders as a major requirement for any business with a competitive strategic objective in the current technological business environment (Cram, Brohman, Gallupe 2016, p. 89). Foodland Supermarkets hence ensured that they went ahead in providing awareness on information security to the staff as a mandatory procedure in their selection and recruitment process as well as training and development for employees. The training process integrated the assistance of external IT communicators and security professionals, some of who were employed by to ensure the p rocess is efficient. Secondly, Foodland Supermarkets management developed an achievable and effective information security system that will strategically respond to the culture and business operation of the food industry so as elevate the security concerns within the business. According to Chatterjee, Sarker, Valacich (2015), effective information security systems helps in outlining high-level priorities and strategic goals of an information security program adopted by an organization. Te strategies should thus demonstrate the relationship of the relationship between the information security and the overall organizational mission so as to identify how the system will assist the organization in achieving its strategic security objectives. Adopting the system has thus enabled the organization to prioritize investments and resources towards information security. Thirdly, the organization planned and implemented next-generation security technologies that can effectively respond to the evolving security threats faced by food industries as a result of the advancement of technology. With the increase in the cloud security concerns and the internet technology, Yue (2015) points out that there are other emerging information security sophisticated threats. It is hence necessary that Foodland Supermarkets adopts technologies and tools that can help in the identification and mitigation of both the existing and emerging threats as one of the utmost essential to the employed IT communicators and security professionals. According to Sohrabi et al. (2016), the planning for an effective next-generation security procedure needs to be done in agreement with the modern ethical legislations and security protocols. As a result, Foodland Supermarkets is assured of integrating the relevant and ethical IT architecture components and roadmap infrastructure that wi ll ensure a secure and stable environment for the business operation of the enterprise. Protection and information security mechanisms With assistance from external advisory committees, the new management held a frequent meeting with the advisory so as to come up with strategic security objectives, management procedures, and necessary counseling that would see the business through to the next level. Such a step hence gave the new management clear understanding of some of the vital insecurity threats that needed to be addressed among other vital management issues. With the assistance from Williams advisory committee, the new management of the enterprise adopted different management strategies that would not only boost the security of the business but will as well improve their customer satisfaction in the competitive market. The protection mechanism adopted by the organization hence focused on the various aspects of the life-cycle involved in building security programs. The step was aimed at emphasizing to the employees and regulation authorities concerned that security was an ongoing effort within the organization. For instance, Bernik and Prislan (2016) point out that open wireless networks, as well as credit card thefts, are common information security threats to many organizations. Foodland Supermarkets have thus implemented robust security procedures and policies that can help in managing such vices within the organization. The mechanism presents a high-level view of the roles of security managers that can be integrated with the strategic focus of the organization. The management hence ensured a distribution of roles by adopting strategies that showed the responsibilities of the chief information security officers and the chief security officers within the enterprise. Foodland Supermarkets IT professionals thus explore the authentication strategies and models that can deliver the relevant or emerging information security overviews depending on the level of advancement of technological tools adopted to secure the business information for the enterprise. The IT information security department of the organization have a listing of the valuable Internet-based information security resources. Chatterjee, Sarker, and Valacich (2015) point out that such resources are essential in examining the information system security tasks and concepts to ensure secure business continuity, information risks management and r eduction, as well as testing and auditing of the information security procedures adopted by an organization. Personnel and Security In the attempt of ensuring an ethical and legal information security procedure, Bernik and Prislan (2016) point out that developing a strategic system is a top issue. As a result, developing such strategies is a step that is essential in establishing information security as an organizational strategy rather than just an operational concern. In their study, Bruwer and Rawbone-Viljoen (2015) point out that the step requires a strategic plan with high set o f priorities that are in line with the organizational strategic security objectives. The study point out that information security system is more than recitations of the innovative technologies to secure both individual and organizational data. Foodland Supermarket has adopted information security strategies that are flexible so as to enable a quick response to the existing as well as emerging information insecurity issues facing organizations as a result of technological innovations. The system has short- and long T term objectives, metrics, and performance targets as a step towards elevating vital information security management concerns for the enterprise. When it comes to the employment of personnel, the company does not take part in employing the underage. Aside from this being illegal, it is against their set objectives since a minor has no qualified skills. In order for the company to maximize their profits, it cannot depend on unskilled labour since mistakes are bound to happen. Furthermore, the company will be risking their closure since minors are not supposed to labour until they are adults In every organization, teamwork is an essential human resource management strategy that is essential to achieving the set goals and objectives for different organizations. In their study, Steinbart et al. (2016) point out that every employee within the workforce has a responsibility to play in helping business organizations to achieve their strategic objectives. For Foodland supermarkets, the objective of achieving secure organizational and customer security information is not only a responsibility to the IT officials. The management has ensured that all the employees acquire the relevant information security skills as a regular training program for the new and existing employees. However, most of the duty is left to the management as well as the IT officers who have the professional qualifications to ensure that the organization adopts a system that is relevant, sustainable and in line with the strategic objective of the organization. Law and ethics Education and training of most IT specialists and managers of information systems tend to focus mainly on the technical skills and knowledge. However, Bruwer and Rawbone-Viljoen (2013) point out that they focus very little on how the abilities can be misused by many users. In fact, many of the IT professional managers and professionals approach their work and training from a hackers perspective. Most of the IT professionals like software engineers tend to get access to knowledge and confidential data on individuals and companies that can give them a great deal of power (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi, Talaei-Khoei 2014, p. 84). Some of the power can be used deliberately in a wrong way that can harm the progress of other people or result in loss of information. In their study, Sen and Bourne (2016) point out that is essential for a company to ensure that its employees are trained on the ethical and laws governing information security of both the organization and the individual customers. For Foodland Supermarkets, ethics is paramount not only on the issues regarding customers and organizational information but even in customer service as well. The management hence ensures that the IT communicators, as well as other employees, are trained and developed towards achieving ethical professional practices in the process of their service delivery to customers of the business. Foodland Supermarkets hence consider best ISO information security standards and practices that meet the global standards of data protection. In his study, Gupta and Saini (2013) points out ISO/IEC 27001:2013 as essential in the implementation, maintenance, and improvement within any organizational context. Ensuring the organization meets this standard hence enables it to meet the ethical laws and standards that are vital in the data security management for the organization. These ethical standards have enabled the organization to uniform agreement and understanding on both functional and non-functiona l requirements in the process of designing effective information systems that are compatible with a competitive food industry requirement (D'Arcy, Herath Shoss 2014, p. 286). PRT Network Monitor report The use of a network report tool like the PRT network monitor is essential for administrators in keeping control of the organizational network (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi, Talaei-Khoei 2014, p. 84 and Asani 2015, p. 5). The tool is essential in identifying bandwidth usage trends and networks, monitor the uptime and availability of different network devices, as well as checking performance matrix like RAM and CPU usage for the organizations servers and computers. The PRTG Network report hence helps the organization in collecting and displaying monitored information and data in ways that can easily be interpreted and reported (Prislan 2016, p. 1). According to Jingguo, Gupta and Rao (2015), PRT network report is essential for organizations that have adopted different information security system strategies. For Foodland enterprise, the implementation of the network enables the organization to; PRTG enables the enterprise to easily manage and compare the current and historical data that is essential in doing resource planning, troubleshooting window networks, or running Ethernet performance tests within the information security systems. It makes the selected data available upon request to a defined set of users thus initiating the use of presentation tools like graphs for easy interpretation of the information and organizational data. It thus helps in monitoring access to both individual and information data hence preventing access by unauthorized users as a way of monitoring the data (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi, Talaei-Khoei 2014, p. 84). It is a powerful and as well as a cost-effective network monitoring tool that helps in securely generating detailed reports for summary reports according to Steinbart et al. (2016). It hence gives managers and other organizational stakeholders a quick overview of the progress of the organization as well as possible security information risks that can affect the organization. Conclusion Information security is an issue of paramount importance to every business that adopts the current technological business innovations in the connected business world. It is hence essential for institutions to openly share ideas and collaborate so as to assist the business community moving forward with matters of information security. Every business hence needs to develop a strategic and effective information security systems responding to the culture and institutional organization that can elevate concerns of information security to the organizational activities. A competitive business organization also needs to ensure a competitive working environment by adopting regular training and development procedures for the employees on the relevant information security issues effective the current nature of the business industry. It is hence essential to develop security policies for the cloud, mobile, and digital resources to as to help in issues of data access, handling, control, and user- awareness with the aim of reducing the major information insecurity threats faced in the current business environment. References Amrollahi, A, Ghapanchi, AH Talaei-Khoei, A 2014, Three decades of research on strategic information system plan development, Communications of the Association for Information Systems,vol. 34, no. 1, p.84. Asani, E.O., 2014. A Review Of Trends Of Authentication Mechanisms For Access Control.Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics Allied Research Journal,5(2). Bernik, I, Prislan, K 2016, 'Measuring Information Security Performance with 10 by 10 Model for Holistic State Evaluation',Plos ONE, 11, 9, pp. 1-33, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Boss, S, Galletta, D, Benjamin Lowry, P, Moody, G, Polak, P 2015, 'What do systems users have to fear? using fear appeals to engender threats and fear that motivate protective security behaviors',MIS Quarterly, 39, 4, pp. 837-864, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Bruwer, J Rawbone-Viljoen, C 2013, BYOB as a risk-reduction strategy (RRS) for wine consumers in the Australian on-premise foodservice sector: Exploratory insights,International Journal of Hospitality Management,vol. 32, pp.21-30. Chatterjee, S, Sarker, S, Valacich, J 2015, 'The Behavioral Roots of Information Systems Security: Exploring Key Factors Related to Unethical IT Use',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 31, 4, pp. 49-87, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Chen, Y, Ramamurthy, K, Wen, K 2012, 'Organizations' Information Security Policy Compliance: Stick or Carrot Approach?',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 29, 3, pp. 157-188, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Cram, W, Brohman, K, Gallupe, R 2016, 'Information Systems Control: A Review and Framework for Emerging Information Systems Processes',Journal Of The Association For Information Systems, 17, 4, pp. 216-266, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. D'Arcy, J, Herath, T, Shoss, M 2014, 'Understanding Employee Responses to Stressful Information Security Requirements: A Coping Perspective',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 31, 2, pp. 285-318, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Gupta, S, Saini, A 2013, 'Information System Security and Risk Management: Issues and Impact on Organizations',Global Journal Of Enterprise Information System, 5, 1, pp. 31-35, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Jingguo, W, Gupta, M, Rao, H 2015, 'Insider threats in a financial institution: analysis of attack-proneness of information systems applications',MIS Quarterly, 39, 1, pp. 91-A7, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Kearney, W, Kruger, H 2016, 'Can perceptual differences account for enigmatic information security behaviour in an organisation?',Computers Security, 61, pp. 46-58, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Prislan, K 2016, Network reporting tool: Analyze and visualize network usage trends using prtg network monitor, Retrieved from https://www.paessler.com/network_reporting_tool Sen, R, Borle, S 2015, 'Estimating the Contextual Risk of Data Breach: An Empirical Approach',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 32, 2, pp. 314-341, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Sohrabi, N, Safa, N, Von Solms, R, Furnell, S 2016, 'Information security policy compliance model in organizations',Computers Security, 56, pp. 50-72, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 201 Steinbart, P, Raschke, R, Gal, G, Dilla, W 2016, 'SECURQUAL: An Instrument for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Enterprise Information Security Programs',Journal Of Information Systems, 30, 1, pp. 71-92, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Yue, W 2012, 'Information Security Outsourcing with System Interdependency and Mandatory Security Requirement',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 29, 3, pp. 117-156, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016.

Methods of Analysis free essay sample

Methods of Analysis 1 ? ? Tonya Banks ACC281: Accounting Concepts for Health Care Professionals Methods of Analysis Keith Graham March 29, 2010 Methods of Analysis 2 Financial statements are records that provide information of an organization or business financial status and is a measurement of the fiscal or quarterly performance of a company. They are written evidence of reporting obligations and are used for making decisions. There are different methods for examining the financial statement and balance sheet. Vertical analysis, horizontal analysis and financial ratios are part of financial statement analysis. Horizontal analysis are amounts of trends and changes noted on a financial statements from past years or quarters within a year. The amounts in dollar helps users of financial statements and auditors to understand changes in finances, whether positive or negative. An example for horizontal analysis would be sales from 2008 that total $500,000 and 2009 that total $900,000, sales increased to 180% from 2008 to 2009 an increase of 80%. In a base year the absolute dollar amount of financial statements of consecutive years is changed to a percentage of the base year dollar amount or trends of percentages. We will write a custom essay sample on Methods of Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Absolute amounts of a horizontal analysis is a comparison of dollar amounts of operating expenses and other items over a period of time, quarterly or annually. This is a very important method when determining whether a company is spending to much or to little on needed items and if an opposing company has influences on a business such as increasing or reducing on cost of materials. â€Å"Percentage analysis involves computing the percentage relationship between two amounts â€Å" (Edmonds), quarterly or annually, another way of horizontal analysis. In percentage analysis the absolute dollar amount is changed to percentage, 2008 that total $500,000 and 2009 that total $900,000, sales increased to 180%. The percentage analysis of the horizontal method is very helpful in comparing and Methods of Analysis 3 contrasting smaller business’ to larger business’. â€Å"Vertical analysis uses percentages to compare individual components of financial statements to a key statement figureâ€Å" (Edmonds). A Wal-Mart for example pays $1000 dollars this quarter in advertisements and made a $40000 profit from sales, this Wal-Mart paid 2. % in advertisements for this quarter. The result of every income statement amount being restated as a percentage of sales and ratio is a comparison of percentages or a vertical analysis of an income statement. This restatement of income is also called a common size statement which allows for comparison of a company’s income statement to another company’s income statement or to the average of the industry. Vertical analysis of the balance sheet reports items as percentage of total assets or liabilities and equity. An example would be cash on hand $10,000 and total assets of $20,000, the cash reported will be 50% of the total assets. â€Å"Ratio analysis involves studying various relationships between different items reported in a set of financial statements† (Edmonds). Ratio analysis is used to measure quantities on a financial statement, calculating from current year performance, activity, financing and liquidity, and comparing them to previous years, other companies, the industry, and the economy to see, understand and know the performance, activity, financing and liquidity of the company.

Economic International Legal Considerations Essays - Identifiers

Economic International Legal Considerations Essays - Identifiers Economic International Legal Considerations International Legal Considerations This chapter covers a wide range of regulations, procedures, and practices that fall into three categories: regulations that exporters must follow to comply with U.S. law; procedures that exporters should follow to ensure a successful export transaction; and programs and certain tax procedures that open new markets or provide financial benefits to exporters. Export Regulations General Introduction The Export Administration Regulations (EAR) regulate the export and reexport of items for national security, nonproliferation, foreign policy, and short supply reasons. The Department of Commerce's Bureau of Export Administration (BXA) has taken important steps to remove unnecessary obstacles to exporting, including completion of U.S. regulatory reform effort and export control liberalizations. Working closely with the exporting community, BXA has simplified the EAR, especially for those companies new to exporting. In addition, export controls have been liberalized on many products sold by U.S. companies around the world, consistent with national security and foreign policy concerns. A relatively small percentage of exports and reexports requires the submission of a license application to BXA. License requirements are dependent upon an item's technical characteristics, the destination, the end use, and the end user. Determining whether a license is required for export is easier under the newly drafted regulations which consolidate license requirements previously scattered throughout the regulations. Once a classification has been determined, exporters may use a single chart to determine if licenses are needed for a country. The revised regulations include answers to frequently asked questions, detailed step-by-step instructions for finding out if a transaction is subject to the regulations, how to request a commodity classification or advisory opinion, and how to apply for a license. The EAR groups items (commodities, software, and technology) into ten categories each containing several entries. These entries are the Export Control Classification Numbers (ECCN). These entries are in Supplemental N0. 1 to part 774 of the EAR, which is the Commerce Control List (CCL). The CCL and the Country Chart, Supplement No. 1 to part 738 taken together, define items subject to export controls based solely on the technical parameters of the item and the country of ultimate destination. Items that are listed on the CCL but do not require a license by reason of the Country Chart and items classified as EAR99 (see 734.3(c) of the EAR entitled Scope of the EAR) are designated as NLR, or no license required. All countries are not treated in the same way under the EAR because different countries present different national security, nonproliferation, or foreign policy considerations for the United States. A license requirement may be based on the end use or end user in a transaction, primarily for proliferation reasons. Part 744 of the EAR describes such requirements and relevant licensing policies and includes both restrictions on items and restrictions on the activities of U.S. persons. The EAR covers more than exports. Items subject to the EAR are generally controlled for reexport from one foreign country to another. A relatively small percentage of exports and reexports requires an application to BXA for a license. Many items are not on the CCL or, if on the CCL, require a license only to a limited number of countries. Other transactions may be covered by one or more License Exceptions in the EAR, part 740. However, a license is required for virtually all exports to embargoed destinations such as Cuba. Part 746 of the EAR describes embargoed destinations and refers to certain additional controls imposed by the Office of Foreign Assets Controls of the Treasury Department. Sometimes the EAR are referred to as dual use regulations. The term dual use refers to items that can be used for both military and other strategic uses (e.g., nuclear) and commercial applications. It also refers to items with solely civil uses. The term is also used to distinguish the scope of the EAR from items covered by the regulations of other agencies. For example, the U.S. Department of State controls exports of weapons and military related items on the U.S. Munitions List, while the Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission control certain items for nuclear reasons. For more information on the control of agencies other than BXA, see Supplement No. 3

LandScape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LandScape - Essay Example There are many interesting aspects to the country as well, such as the steep history of Bedouin people throughout the region (Chatty, 1983). One interesting aspect of the Bedouin culture is that it is impolite to allow the bottom of your foot to point toward another person. It is facts like this that make the landscape of Oman interesting to discover and write about. What follows is a bit more about the specific components that make up the landscape of this history rich country. Origin of the Landscape As Oman is located on the southeastern portion of the Arabian Peninsula, it has formed quite a diverse landscape over the years. There are multiple landforms present in the country including mountains, deserts, coastal strips that have become quite fertile, and gravel plain. When many think of Oman, they might envision a vast and flat desert, yet the Jabal al-Akhdar Mountain, also known as Green Mountain, is over 10,000 feet in elevation at its peak. That can be contrasted with the bea utiful Musandam Peninsula, which is at the Strait of Hormuz. The landscape of this are is actually separate from the rest of Oman and add to the rich diversity of the country even more (Eickleman, 1983). It is a location where residents and visitors alike can come to enjoy the weather and go snorkeling. That certainly makes it unique when compared to other countries in the region. Ethnic Makeup of the Omani People The Omani people are a surprisingly homogenous group. For the most part, they have descended from the following ethnic groups: Arab, Baluchi, Persian, South India, and East Africa. Because of the rich resources available in the country, and relatively small labor pool, more than 600,000 expatriates call Oman their full-time home, so they would need to be considered a vital part of the cultural landscape as well. These individuals largely come from India and Bangladesh, in addition to the Philippines, Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, and Palestine. Generally speaking, the Omani people are considered to be among the most friendly, open, and tolerant of the Middle Eastern countries. Their ethnic background has generated a conservative and traditional way of life, yet the people are also interested in make technological and economic progress (Janzen, 1986). As such, the country is not stuck in a traditional upbringing, but it is moving forward to form an even more diverse cultural landscape. It is important to note that Omani people do tend to identify themselves along ethnic roots, so there is a social class distinction evident within the country. This has created the situation where family is valued over all else, so great importance is placed upon one’s family tribe of origin and their lineage, rather than on the individual or peer group. This type of ethnic breakdown has served the country well, however, as they have been one of the few countries in the region to balance this sense of tradition with the foresight to embrace modernity and economic progres s. Role of Religion in Forming the Landscape As one would expect, religion has play a key part in the development of Oman’s cultural landscape. No surprisingly, nearly 75% of the inhabitants identify themselves as Ibadi Muslims, with the rest of the population largely being either Sunni or Shi’i Muslims. There are few other religious beliefs openly practiced in the country, so Islam has certainly served to shape the countries identity over the past few thousand years. While not

Basseri of Iran Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Basseri of Iran - Research Paper Example The author analyzes the aforementioned aspects in a view of general concept of the Basseri tribal organization as an example of tribal chiefdom form. In the end, the conclusion is reached according to which the Basseri may be regarded as one of the vivid examples of this form of societal organization. Keywords: ethnography, nomadic societies, pastoralism, chiefdom, tribe, Basseri Basseri of Iran As the study of the social structure of the Basseri tribe by Barth (1961) is one of the classical examples of the research in the field of ethnography of nomadic peoples of Iran, it is instructive to closely analyze the modern state of the Basseri people. In this essay, I will deal with the various aspects of social life of the Basseri, focusing on their subsistence patterns, but paying appropriate attention to their kinship practices, social and political organization. Accordingly, the essay will be divided into four sections in which the relevant aspects will be analyzed. My basic argument with regard to the Basseri is that they represent a stage of development transitional between the primitive lineage form and more developed chiefdom organization, which is itself a necessary prerequisite to the fully stratified society, and the organization of the essay will reflect that argument. Subsistence Mode The traditional mode of subsistence of the Basseri strongly depends on the use of extensive pastures, as the pastoral produce is the most important component in the maintenance of their socio-economic structure. Their socioeconomic structure evolved on the basis of limitations and opportunities provided by the climate and ecological conditions of South Iran; therefore, their economy is strongly dependent on following the patterns of natural changes. As Cohen (1976) observed, the subsistence of the Basseri nomadic community is generally derived from their herds of sheep and goats, while the use of dairy products and the meat obtained through market exchange with the surroun ding populations complement it (p. 276). The Basseri also use the other domesticated animals, including horses, dogs, donkeys and camels, but they do not play direct role in the subsistence of the tribe. The migratory patterns of the tribe are especially interesting from the point of view of the researcher. According to Barth (1961), the forced sedentarization of the Basseri under the reign of Reza Shah led to the decline of their economic life, and it was only after 1941 that they returned to their traditional migratory practices (p. 3). The traditional territories of the Basseri lie in the hot and arid lands near the Persian Gulf, encompassing both salty deserts of Larestan at elevations of 2,000 to 3,000 ft. and the mountainous areas near Kuh-i-Bul, with the highest altitude of 13,000 ft. (Barth, 1961, p. 3). The diversity of this terrain forces the Basseri to undergo seasonal migration so as to provide subsistence to their flocks of sheep and goats. According to Cohen (1976), th e area of the tribe’s migration stretches from the southwestern part of the Iranian Plateau to the coast of Persian Gulf, going through the Zagros Mountains (p. 276). With the beginning of the summer, the Basseri begin their coordinated movement from the lands adjacent to the Gulf to the territories of their winter pastures, where the climate allows the flocks of their

Austens Growing Feminism in Emma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Austens Growing Feminism in Emma - Essay Example Rarely was it possible to attain both and often it was found, too late, that it was possible to attain neither. Even in the very early 1800s, though, many of these ideas were beginning to surface in the literature produced. Writers such as Jane Austen emerged as proto-feminists, planting the seeds of a new day while still remaining ‘acceptable’ to the old. This careful blending of feminist ideals with traditional behaviors can be found in such novels as Emma, in which critics have found support both for the traditional role of women as well as encouragement for a new way of thinking about women. Women’s lives were often strictly contained within rigidly defined terms. Women who formed the upper class enjoyed ample time for leisure activities in their lifestyles and once a woman married, her role was to simply to manage the home and the household. Though the life of the upper class woman might seem easier and more secure than that of a lower class woman, this was not always the case. Land, titles, and money were inherited by the closest male relative – typically the older son, but if there was no older son then it would go to a more distant relation. Only the small amount of money set aside as a woman’s marriage dowry went to an unmarried woman after the death of her father. In addition, many women were married nominally against their will in arranged marriages, by the Victorian age positioning the woman herself as commodity (Levine-Clark, 1991). As a result, many mothers and daughters were left extremely poor after the death of their husband and fathers. At the same time, the activities they were permitted to take part in remained relatively sedate and home-bound.

Development Of A New School in Malaysia

Development Of A New School in Malaysia Initial Business Proposal Business Concept Ideas Knowledge (IK) School is an education related. We understand teachers in school are overworked, underpaid and having large amount (35-45) of students in every class and they do not have enough time to finish the syllabus and do further explanations. (Nair, 2012) Slowly, it becomes parents and guardians worries because parents busy with works and they do not have time for their children education. IK will help to solve difficulty such as improving their weak subjects, coach them, motivate them in studies as well as answer their doubt on academic. A research of 100 different categories of students was carried out earlier. (Appendix 1) It stated very clearly that only three out of hundred is not attending tuition or coaching. Besides that, tuition industry had contributed RM4 Billion in the growth of Malaysia. With these facts, it is very clear that tuition industry potential and future scenario. (Lim Seng Poh, 2006) Malaysian parents even willing to spend RM200 to RM2000 a month on children tuition fees. (Nair, 2012) Research also stated that, two thirds (14%) of the households in Asia/Pacific spending enrichment classes for their children such as academic tuition, foreign language classes and public speaking. (MasterCard, 2013) 46% of Malaysian parents willing to spend extra tuition classes fees. (Appendix 2) Mission and Vision Mission Ideas Knowledge (IK) School belief that it is our responsible to teach and ready them with academic skills and values so that they are able to meet the future challenges. We believe that encourage the students to challenge, question and debate their ideas is good because they able to do critical thinking and very creative individuals in the future. (Gan, 2012) Vision Ideas Knowledge (IK) School will inspire the desire for knowledge and learning. Not just with excellence result but also be enterprising, creative spirits, responsible and cultivate caring in children is the future needs and wants of society. We provide the society with independently, proactive learners with interest, motivation, confidence, discipline, skills and characteristics to succeed. In the future, IK will be the leader of tuition industry. Target Market ‘Shadow’ education is expanding at an alarming rate. Household’s income being spend on tutoring. (ADB, 2012) Malaysia parents are more particular in academic tuition (46%), Sport (36%) and music instrument (32%). (Appendix 3) (MasterCard, 2013) From this research, we able to understand that parents nowadays are more concern on children education level. The number of student enrolled at the primary level in government-aided religious school has increased 9,284 students. (Appendix 4) But, the enrolment in primary level decrease from 2,859,921 in 2011 to 2,708,981 in 2014. (Appendix 5) Tuition and extra classes become the growing industry within Malaysia because there are strong demands towards the supply. At the same time, 2,967 registered tuition centre with the attending number of 194,567 students. (Nair, 2012) Around Selangor area, there are more than 600 primary schools. We will target the primary school students around Subang Jaya area such as SK Dato Onn Jaafar, SJK (C) Chee Wen and etc. Not just Chinese students, but all ethnic groups of Indian, Chinese and Malays. Competitive Strategy 4.1 Product and Services 4.2 Price Ideas Knowledge (IK) School offer tutoring class for primary school students in small group (maximum 10 students) and medium group (not more than 20 students) because this can help them concentrate. (Venus, 2013) However, the variety of the subjects offered in tuition mimics those in schools. (Lim Seng Poh, 2006) The differences between us and competitors are we provide coaching, counseling and outdoor activities services to the students. We also provide few facilities for the students, such as library. It is to make sure that they are not just excellent mentally but also physically. Penetration pricing strategy means selling product in lower pricing so that it can attract customers. (Roth, 2007) Sell product lower than the usual price can encourage customer to switch from old to new product. (Riley, 2012) Ideas Knowledge will use this strategy to begin the business. With this, the parents will consider our tuition centre first rather than others. When the business is on the right track, price will slowly be increase. But, no worries of price can’t be afford or not reasonable. 4.3 Place 4.4 Promotion Ideas Knowledge will locate in USJ 21. It is opposite The Main Place shopping Mall. Nearby area are all residences and office lot. The percentage for parents to visit our tuition centre is higher. There are a lot of facilities nearby such as shopping mall, restaurant, bank, etc. In the future of two to three years, there will be even more conveniences because rail station will be nearby. (Appendix 6) Students can travel from other place to attend classes. Through the research and analysis, there are more than 13 million of Malaysian are a Facebook user. It is a fastest and easier way to promote out Ideas Knowledge (IK) School. By using this kind of social media, we do not need to spend a single cent on promoting the business as well have reaching the potential customers. Besides that, in this technology centuries, every students owned social media account for example Facebook, Instagram, etc. Nevertheless, we will also promote it on school since there are few schools nearby. When promoting in school, students are require to fill up their basic personal data such as name, Facebook account, address, etc. All databases will keep for future uses such as share some academics knowledge, etc. We will also give out some flyers and prizes for students so that they can remember our centre. PEST Political Since independence, Malaysia government keep sustain in investing of education. Malaysia federal governments spend the highest percentage of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) on primary and secondary education in East Asia. (Appendix 6) (MOE, 2012) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is to evaluate the quality of educational outcomes. Year 2009, it was the first time Malaysia participated in the program and the ranking was not good. (Appendix 7) But, Malaysia aim to rise from bottom third to the top third in PISA ranking within two decades. (Gan, 2012) Economical Year 2012, the inflation rate increased up to 1.6%. 2009 and 2012 Department of Statistics’ Household Income Survey stated that it is a huge income gap between years 2009 to 2012. (Appendix 8) (Shams, 2014) As for the Salary Survey 2013 by the Malaysia Employers Federation (MEF), stated that salaries for executive increased 6.3% while salaries for non-executive increased 6.7%. (The Malaysian Insider, 2014) Malaysia Prime Minister introduced a new proposal that will let the civil servant to enjoy annual salary increment between RM80 to RM320 called New Civil Services Remuneration Scheme (SBPA). (The Malaysian Insider, 2014) Since Goods and Services Tax (GST) going to implemented in April 2015, KPMG Malaysia urged both public and private sectors to gradually increase salaries. Social Tutoring is one of the top 16 industries worldwide and the growth rate is 7% in year 2011. (ICEF Monitor, 2012) The magazine and website Inc. stated that start a new business, tutoring is the best choice. Among the parents, tuition is the latest trend that keeps growing in this recent year. They will send their children into extra classes and early child education programmes. Survey stated that about 82.2% of students said that tutoring allowed them to gain knowledge and 62.4% of students able to aim higher marks are because tutoring. (Kenayathulla, 2014) Even thought parents does not have strong evidence of the effectiveness of tutoring but the strong belief in efficacy of tutoring regarding the teaching and delivery methodologies used in tuition centre. (Tsang, 2012) Technological Ministry of Education Malaysia said that the government is trying their best to improve in term of education system and aspiration of individual students. Nevertheless, they also introduce ‘1 BestariNet’ to society. (Terrapinnspore, 2013)Thus project able to provide students and teachers a virtual learning environment. The latest technology that adopted by the Malaysia Ministry of Education is a technology which is a UK-based Frog / FrogAsia. It’s a type of e-learning system that allowed teachers, students, and parents have connection. They providing user to maximize own strength and develop leadership skills in flexible time and fast growing environment. (Frogasia, n.d.) They also provides effective access to classes, tests, homework, grades, assessments, academic or museum website links, etc. (Strauss, 2013) Personal and Business SWOT Strengths Weaknesses Able to communicate in few language (Malay, English, Mandarin, Cantonese) Talkative and friendly Management knowledge Lack of leadership skill Lack of experiences in handling business Weak social networking Opportunities Threats Quick learning Willing to gain experiences and listen to others Competitors in tuition industry keep increasing Parents and guardians unsatisfactory Social Aspect Parents and guardians always busy with work and not involving in children growth. Ideas Knowledge (IK) School created positive impression to the society in tutoring academic. We offer academic tuition, coaching and outdoor activities to children because with this, they can leave electronic devices and enjoy. As for parents, we will discuss and update them their children behavior and academic result once a while. This is to make sure that no matter how busy parents are, they can still involve in children growth. References Lim Seng Poh (2006) The impact of Service Quality Dimensions Towards Customers’ Satisfaction in Tuition Centers [online], Available at: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/241/1/The_impact_of_service_quality.pdf, [accessed 29 Jun 2014] Venus (2013) Things You Should Know About Sending Your Kids to Tuition [online], Available at: http://www.venusbuzz.com/archives/41600/things-you-should-know-about-sending-your-kids-to-tuition/, [accessed 29 Jun 2014] The Straits Times (2008) Tuition Nation [online], Available at: http://news.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20080616-71121.html, [accessed 29 Jun 2014] MasterCard (2013) Press Releases: Two Thirds of Asia/Pacific Parents Spending on Extra Tuition for Kids: MasterCard Survey [online], Available at: http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/two-thirds-of-asiapacific-parents-spending-on-extra-tuition-for-kids-mastercard-survey/, [accessed 30 Jun 2014] ADB (Asian Development Bank) (2012) ADB Study Highlights Dark Side of ‘Shadow Education’ [online], Available at: http://www.adb.org/news/adb-study-highlights-dark-side-shadow-education, [accessed 30 Jun 2014] MOE (2012) Preliminary Report Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 [online], Available at: http://www.moe.gov.my/userfiles/file/PPP/Preliminary-Blueprint-Eng.pdf, [accessed 1 July 2014] Penang Monthly (2013) Statistics – November 2013 [online], Available at: http://penangmonthly.com/statistics-november-2013/, [accessed 1 July 2014] Penang Institute (2013) Statistics – November 2013 [online], Available at: http://penanginstitute.org/v3/resources/articles/statistics/541-statistics-november-2013, [accessed 3 July 2014] Nair, N. (2012) Increase in Demand for Tuition in Malaysia [online], Available at: http://www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx/?file=%2F2012%2F11%2F5%2Fmetrobiz%2F12265348sec=metrobiz, [accessed 3 July 2014] Noordin, Z. (2014) Education first, politics second, says deputy minister [online], Available at: http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/01/20/education-first-politics-second-says-deputy-minister/, [accessed 4 July 2014] Malaysia Educational Statistics (2013) Quick Facts 2013 [online], Available at: http://emisportal.moe.gov.my/emis/emis2/emisportal2/doc/fckeditor/File/Quickfacts_2013/quickfacts2013.pdf?PHPSESSID=abafcb466e89e750e551d9c7308ad840, [accessed 4 July 2014] Malaysia Educational Statistics (2012) Quick Facts 2012 [online], Available at: http://emisportal.moe.gov.my/emis/emis2/emisportal2/doc/fckeditor/File/Quickfacts_2012/quickfacts2012.pdf, [accessed 6 July 2014] EMiS (n.d.) Statistik Ringkas [online], Available at: http://emisportal.moe.gov.my/mainpage.php?module=Maklumatkategori=47, [accessed 6 July 2014] Gan, P.L. (2012) Can it transform our education system? [online], Available at: http://www.selangortimes.com/index.php?section=insightpermalink=20121018152643-can-it-transform-our-education-system, [accessed 6 July 2014] Penang Monthly (2014) East Malaysia in Numbers [online], Available at: http://penangmonthly.com/east-malaysia-in-numbers/, [accessed 6 July 2014] MOE (2014) Bab 5 Membangun Dan Mengekalkan Modal Insan Bertaraf Dunia [online], Available at: http://www.moe.gov.my/userfiles/file/RMK10bab5%2014_6_10.pdf, [accessed 6 July 2014] ICEF Monitor (2012) Global Tutoring Industry Experiencing Explosive Growth [online], Available at: http://monitor.icef.com/2012/11/global-tutoring-industry-experiencing-explosive-growth/, [accessed 6 July 2014] Tsang, H. (2012) Private Tutoring in Malaysia: Regulating for Quality [online], Available at: http://www.asiapacificmemo.ca/private-tutoring-in-malaysia-regulating-for-quality, [accessed 7 July 2014] Roth .S.A, (2007), â€Å"Penetrating Pricing, Understand Pricing Objectives and Strategies† [online], Available: http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/freepubs/pdfs/ua441.pdf, [accessed 7 July 2014] Kenayathulla, H.B. (2014) Teachers’ perceptions on the effectiveness of private tutoring in Malaysia [online], Available at: http://ries.revues.org/3801?lang=en, [accessed 7 July 2014] The Malaysian Insider (2014) Statistics Department survey shows average household income up 7.2% Bernama [online], Available at: http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/statistics-department-survey-shows-average-household-income-up-7.2-bernama, [accessed 8 July 2014] Shams, H.N. (2014) [2727] Income Distribution of Malaysian Household, 2009 and 2012 [online], Available at: http://maddruid.com/?p=11965, [accessed 8 July 2014] Eric (2013) Strategic Location for Main Place Resident [online], Available at: http://mainplaceresidence.blogspot.com/2013/08/strategic-location-for-main-place.html, [accessed 8 July 2014] Riley, J. (2012) Pricing – Pricing Strategies [online], Available at: http://www.tutor2u.net/business/gcse/marketing_pricing_strategies.htm, [accessed 8 July 2014] Strauss, K. (2013) Malaysia Taps Frog To Teach Its Youth [online], Available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/karstenstrauss/2013/05/08/malaysia-taps-frog-to-teach-its-youth/, [accessed 9 July 2014] Frogasia (n.d.) Careers at Frogasia [online], Available at: http://www.frogasia.com/v3/careers/, [accessed 9 July 2014] Video Terrapinnspore (2013) DDG of Ministry of Education, Malaysia, Shares on Education Technology, 11 May, Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceix4SpLBuo, [accessed 10 July 2014] Appendices Appendix 1 Private Tutors Tuition Centre Both ‘type’ of coaching No tuition 100 Primary, Secondary and junior college students 49 32 16 3 (The Straits Times, 2008) Appendix 2 Country Percentage (%) India 54 % Taiwan 52 % Thailand 52 % Malaysia 46 % Singapore 45 % Chinese 53 % Korean 50 % Hong Kong 50 % Households in Asia/Pacific spend extra tuition classes for their children (MasterCard, 2013) Appendix 3 Academic Sport Foreign Language Music Art Public Speaking Others Asia/ Pacific 32% 28% 24% 22% 15% 5% 8% AU 7% 36% 6% 4% 6% 3% 9% NZ 9% 43% 8% 15% 4% 2% 12% CN 26% 38% 53% 41% 32% 7% 5% IN 54% 16% 10% 15% 15% 17% 2% MY 46% 36% 17% 32% 17% 8% 10% PH 14% 33% 5% 16% 10% 2% 5% SG 45% 31% 8% 24% 14% 7% 9% KR 33% 28% 50% 32% 15% 2% 10% TW 52% 17% 39% 31% 17% 1% 19% MM 35% 4% 23% 1% 2% 1% 1% Children’s Participation in Enrichment Classes in Asia/Pacific (MasterCard, 2013) Appendix 4 Type of Schools 2011 2012 2013 National 2,150,139 2,106,603 2,063,666 National type (C) 598,488 591,121 566,324 National type (T) 102,642 97,884 92,919 Special education 1,606 1,535 1,479 Sports 11 4 9 Special Model – secondary with primary level from Year 4-6 1,055 1,014 901 Special model (K9) – primary with secondary level from Form 1-3 224 207 1,831 Gars 5,756 6,037 15,040 Total 2,859,921 2,804,405 2,742,169 Enrolment at primary level by type of schools, 2011-2013 (Penang Institute, 2013) Appendix 5 Schools 2011 2012 2013 2014 (31 Apr 2014) Pre-school 176,822 186,298 190,874 196,114 Primary 2,859,921 2,804,405 2,742,169 2,708,981 Secondary 2,296,034 2,281,224 2,296,189 2,253,160 Enrolment at Pre-school, Primary and Secondary Level (2011 – 2013) (Malaysia Educational Statistics, 2013) Appendix 6 Strategic Location for Main Place Residence (Eric, 2013) Appendix 7 Malaysia’s Basic Education Expenditure 1 As % of Total Government Expenditure for Malaysia and Peers (Penang Monthly, 2013) Appendix 8 Comparison of Malaysia’s PISA 2009+ ranking against other countries (Gan, P.L., 2012) Appendix 9 Households’ Monthly Income (Shams, H.N., 2014) Module Title: ILP 326 New Business Development Prepared by: Peck Jie YiPage

Essay --

Ernest Hemingway is a world renowned writer who is known for his short and to-the-point yet unique style. While being greatly praised for his style he is also greatly criticized for it as well. His body of work includes numerous poems, short stories, and various novels as well. He even won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his story â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea.† The panelists awarded him for his overall mastery of the English language and for his modern unique way of narrating. Hemingway was one of the most famous people who represented the â€Å"lost generation†. This so-called group was a congregation of young writers who were some of the large contributors to the great collection of modern literature today. Some of these people were others who, like Hemingway, were somehow involved in World War I. Along with World War I, Hemingway was also a part of World War II. His history with women was not very good likely due to his lack of a mother-son bond throughout his childhood. He was also an alcoholic which greatly affected some of his writing. Some of his hobbies included fishing, boxing, and hunting. Early on he was hired as a reporter and a journalist. His style was to observe everything he saw and then to report on it in the most brief way possible, not overdoing it with too many unwanted details. Hemingway was known to be a very adventurous man & craftsmen who looked to get the most of out life that he could. He spent most of his time meticulously revising his work over and over. He wanted to make sure that his work was as short, brief, and lacking of detail as possible. He lived his life to the fullest and was known to be a very kind person to his acquaintances and family. But on the other hand he was very quick to get angry and al... ...d his ‘fiction’ life gave his work a sort of irresistible attractiveness as he lead a life of fame and adventure. Hemingway most definitely followed a new and unheard of path in his style of writing. He was an innovator and was one of the most important writers of his time. There is no doubt that he didn’t face many struggles throughout his life, but these experiences also shaped his style and created a new way of writing which is praised and looked up to today. His main message was that man is a small helpless person placed in a big scary world that can push him and bring him down. He believed life is unreasonably evil and unfair and that if there is love for anything, life will take that anything away from you. Hemingway was a genius of his time and is still one of the most influential authors in the world today because of the original and unique style he created.

American and Chinese Business Cultures

The American and Chinese business cultures have vast differences that interfere with the way business is carried out. The business people in the two regions have certain practices and values that are considered as norm. The differences in the two business cultures have led to some viable and successful business ventures to be turned down due to a misunderstandings or conflicts that were experienced based on the business cultural differences. There are various similarities found between the two business cultures and one similarity is the strict adherence to schedules and time management.The two business cultures value their time and they ensure that it is spent wisely. Failure to manage time in both cultures is seen as an insulting gesture and a sign of disrespect. Moreover, another similarity is the art of appreciation that is highly regarded and the respect given to the senior business men in meetings when they are being addressed. There are several outstanding differences that clea rly exist between the two business cultures and they influence the manner in which business is carried out in these countries.For instance in the Chinese business culture, businesses are owned and managed within the family regardless of their qualifications and experience. Information regarding the performance of the businesses is treated as confidential and when they need funds for their businesses they search for it from their friends and family or within the private sector. Americans on the other hand, seek funds from both the private and public sectors to finance their business. They also reveal all the information about their companies making it public for the public to scrutinize and analyze it.In addition, their businesses are run by qualified professionals. 1. 0 Introduction Culture is a complex way of living that is developed by many people all over the world. It is passed on from one generation to the next over the years for it to be maintained. It is worth noting that cul ture is entails the values and norms followed by a group of people in a society and it describes the way those people should behave and treat each other as they live together harmoniously (Bucknall, 2000). It equally defines the nature of the people in that society and how they relate to the rest of the world.The culture of a particular people characterizes how they can relate to another group with a culture that is quite different. The more the differences that exist between the two cultures the more difficult it is for the two societies to live together and interact. On the same note, the chances of misunderstandings increase when two cultures differ greatly in their values, norms and other characteristics. Additionally, conflicts also increase exponentially when the two societies have not had any interactions among them (Gertmenian, n. d).The American and the Chinese business cultures are a good example of cultures that are different and that continually interact with many challe nges and misunderstandings facing them. Business people who have been trying to venture into the two economies have been faced with several challenges. Some of these business people have gone into business ventures with little or no information about the cultural differences between the two business cultures (Chen, 2003). Their business ideas and ventures have failed despite their capabilities and promise of success and profitability.The reasons that have been cited for the failure of such profitable ventures are the lack of understanding of the differences in the culture between the Americans and the Chinese. Business opportunities continue to increase in the Chinese region and this is attracting a lot of Americans to take up these opportunities. This business people need to understand the different aspects that lie between the two cultures and the business etiquette that is required from them once they are in China.It bears noting that the Chinese community also needs to understan d the American culture with regard to the business practices in order to minimize the chances of misunderstandings and disagreements. Knowledge of the two different cultures is very important to the success of the business. In light of this view this paper will objectively discuss four similarities and four differences between the American and Chinese business cultures. 2. 0 Similarities between the American and the Chinese Business Culture The American and Chinese business culture though depicted in two different countries, share some similarities in the way they operate.These similarities are shared through their strategies and focus that they both have in carrying out business successfully. The similarities that they share are independent and are not influenced by the behavior or culture of the each other. These similarities are however grounded in the way their other cultural practices that they have developed and maintained over the years. a) Business Meetings This is one of th e similar features in the sense that the two business cultures hold business meetings to discuss business relationships between the companies.The business meetings may take the form of lunches or dinners or they may sometimes be carried out in the offices. The meetings are usually arranged in advance and they sometimes require some form of literature that is forwarded to each of the invited guests (Kwintessential, n. d). The meetings are usually arranged on normal working days to avoid inconveniencing the different parties attending and the dress code is usually implied by different factors but in most cases it is formal. The right relationship is first made in both cultures to allow for the development of the business deal.It is worth mentioning that in both cultures business meetings usually involve the shaking of hands when they are being introduced to each other and it shows that they are in agreement. The shaking of hands is taken to be a sign of respect between the two parties . Business cards are exchanged during the meeting either at the start or end of the meeting. It is viewed as a polite gesture in both cultures to take a minute and view the business card before putting it away. When business is being carried out between the two cultures it is important that the business cards are made bi-lingual to ensure that the recipients are able to read them.Refreshments are also offered during the business meetings. In the Chinese culture green tea is usually offered in most of the meeting though some of the international companies also offer coffee as refreshment. In the American culture refreshments usually consist mostly of coffee or tea. During the meeting exclusive sitting arrangements in both cultures are made and each person who attends the meetings has to sit at a precise position allocated to them. There is usually a host in the meetings who ensures that the meeting goes on smoothly and that the guests are well hosted (CBBC, n.d). b) Managing Time In both business cultures time is of the essence case in point. Among the Chinese business meetings start on time and they take the scheduled time needed to ensure that the purpose of the meeting is achieved. Time is not wasted during the meetings and they remain focused to the agenda of the meeting. Punctuality is emphasizes and considered to be very important in both cultures and the attendants are actually encouraged to arrive early. Besides, in the Chinese business community arriving late to any business meeting is seen as an insult to the other members.When the meeting is a Chinese banquet, the guests are advised to arrive at least 15 minutes before the banquet starts (Chinese Business Culture, n. d). The Americans on the other hand usually work with tight schedules and they equally value their time. They do not take it kindly when the guests who are supposed to be in the meeting arrive late. It is a common practice to be asked to wait after arriving early for a meeting in the Ame rican culture as the host finishes preparing for the meeting. In both cultures business meeting are carried out within normal working hours that are between 8 am and 5pm (â€Å"Chinese Business Culture,† n.d) and is mostly for the meetings carried out within the offices. Other meetings that take place in the evenings like the dinner meetings are not extended late into the night. c) Protocol In both cultures the seniority levels are strictly followed. The most senior person is introduced first and is usually referred to by their surnames and their positions such as Mr. or Director (CBBC, n. d). This is usually very important and is regarded as a sign of respect for them. Their position may be given when they are being introduced and each person in the meeting is expected to address them according to their titles and position.Protocol is also expected to be maintained in the seating arrangements with the senior person given the front seat. The host normally takes the seat that is placed in the middle of the table and faces the door. The most senior person in the meeting seats on the left side of the host at the middle seat. The rest of people in the meeting get their seating positions according to their status in a descending manner. Seniority in the Chinese business culture is very important especially when the meeting involves state or government officials. When the introductions are being made the senior person is introduced first then the rest follow.When business cards or gifts are being offered, it is polite in both cultures to offer the senior person in the meeting first (Saxon, 2007). In the American culture the same is expected of the government and state officials. They need to be addressed according to their title and their positions. They also get introduced first in the meetings and accorded the respect that they deserve. d) Appreciation Both cultures have a way of appreciating the other parties especially after a successful business deal. Th e appreciation method normally takes place at the end of the meeting when the deal has been finalized.In the Chinese business culture the business people take a lot of time and effort in appreciating their business partners and their clients as a way of supporting and developing their business relationships. They normally give them gifts as a sign of appreciation for the business, celebrating the success of a business deal, a way to encourage future business and to strengthen the relationship between them (Thompson, 2007). In the Chinese business culture the business people may decide to ask the other business people what they would like as a gift. The giving of gifts is usually carried out with a certain intended purpose.When it is given in the absence of a good reason it is usually construed differently. The recipient of the gift in most cases is expected to reciprocate since the gift is seen as a debt. The choice of the gift is usually considered wisely and cash is never accepted as a gift in the Chinese culture (CBBC, n. d). In the American business culture appreciation is a common practice within companies doing business together. The art of giving gifts is however restricted by some of the business companies. Most of these businesses normally prefer giving a note that is gracious and which is very appropriate and acceptable among the companies.For the companies that offer gifts, the gift is given in such a way that it does not appear to be a bribe to the receiving company. In most companies an invitation to a meal is the most common method used among business people. 3. 0 Differences between the American and the Chinese Business Culture There are vast differences that exist between the American and Chinese business cultures that continually affect the way business is carried out. Both countries have had different backgrounds that have led to these differences.These differences are clearly established when it comes to the communication level between the t wo sides duet to the language barrier. Consequently, these differences have led to the failure of successful business ventures between the two countries and the loss of a lot of money. a) Relationships in Business This is a major difference because in the Chinese business community, a lot of emphasis is put on establishing and maintaining relationships. Moreover, the main objective put in most business meetings is the development of business relationships between the parties involved.The relationship in the Chinese culture is seen to be more of cooperation other than just business relationships. For them to do any business, the parties involved need to be friends. They exchange gifts during meetings and host each other in various places to establish their relationships. Most of their business meetings are carried out during meals such as dinners or lunch as they talk about life in general. Such encounters are seen to strengthen their business relationships and develop trust among th em (Chinese Business Culture, n. d). In America however the purpose of business meetings is to close a deal.There is little or no emphasis in maintaining relationships. The American’s keep a certain attitude that business is business and hence there is no need for them to be friends or even remain friends after the business deal is closed. The business meetings are carried out in formal environments and are characterized by concepts and features that are focused on business. The talk in these business meetings also focuses on business and the deal that is supposed to be made with the party that is proposing the deal highlighting gains that the other party will acquire once they accept the deal (Saxon, 2007).b) Availability of Information Another difference that exists between the Chinese and the Americans lays in the way they handle information about their business and the performance. It is considered rude and inappropriate among the Chinese for one to ask about the performa nce of another’s business. The Chinese only reveal this kind of information to their close friends and families and other people that are very close to them. The information is also not publicly available and they do not discuss the performance of their companies. They never volunteer their business information to other people (CBBC, n.d). The business plan is also considered to be an inappropriate document and is not used in the Chinese business world. They do not make such documents since they are considered to portray distrust among them. They prefer to believe each other when doing business and not ask for documents or information that will show the performance of the company or business. Many of the Chinese business people have been known to enter into business opportunities that are worth millions when they know very little about the other company. They rely on trust and they sign these deals by a mere handshake (Thompson, 2007).American business people on the other han d require a lot of detailed information about the companies that are involved in the business. They normally require a detailed company profile and other information that is essential in proving the performance of a company before they even start negotiating a business deal. This information may include the financial statements, the sales figures, marketing strategies and even business plans. For them to make decisions about any business opportunity they need to gather facts and data that will help them support the decisions that they make.Their business information is also made publicly available as they produce quarterly and annual reports that are availed and openly discussed. c) Business Ownership According to the Chinese culture, the businesses are normally family owned and they practice a lot of nepotism. Also, the businesses are controlled and operated by the family members and this is the norm in the country. The business is inherited within the family members despite their qualifications and their job experience and as such it is one of the strongest cultural practices in the business world among the Chinese.The businesses are usually carried out based on the family obligations rather than the pursuit of riches (Thompson, 2007). The owner of the business who is mostly the head of the family carefully makes decisions regarding the business and how it is operated. This individual hires new employees and executes changes that are needed. Besides, the individual in question selects the family member that will take over the critical role of running the business. Other family members and even some close family friends are given other top roles in the business.This practice is usually carried out because of distrust and social status among the Chinese people. The practice tends to lead to them overlooking the qualifications that are needed for the top positions held. In America however the business is usually carried out from a totally different perspective. Nepotism in the American business environment is considered illegal and highly discouraged within the business environment. When one is suspected or found guilty of having practiced it by hiring or favoring a family member in the business rather than a qualified a stranger or an employee of the company, serious legal charges are made.Further, one may end up in the middle of very serious legal charges that may lead to high compensations and legal damage fees arising from the act. Businesses tend to therefore hire employees in terms of merit and qualifications. Decisions are made by the management of the business rather than the family members. They tend to do what is right for the business rather than what might be appropriate for the family (Saxon, 2007). In the American business culture the purpose of the business is to make money rather than to provide for the company.The businesses normally have a purpose that they follow and strive to achieve. They also have a purpose and a cle ar and organized chain of command within the business. The protocol has to be followed in the businesses especially when issues are being raised and during the decision making process. For example middle level managers are not allowed to question the authority at the top. They must follow protocol at all times and direct their issues to the other managers above them before they can get the issue to the top management. d) Future of the BusinessBusiness in the Chinese culture is normally centered on the long term profitability and investments rather than the short term (Thompson, 2007). The business also strives to increase the family honor as status is an important element in the business environment in the culture. The family honor is measured according to the status that the family is given in the community. The higher the respect and status, the more the family honors. The family needs to have the ability to command respect and trust from the society. It is equally notable that th e future of the business is usually focused on ensuring that the family honor is maintained.Each transaction of the business is carefully considered and implemented in a way that invests into the future of the company. Relationships are also maintained and kept for the long term benefits. When acquiring finances to start the business or expand the business to facilitate its growth, the Chinese businesses normally search for funds among the family members. The businesses are largely financed by the family members. They also use family connections to acquire loans from their friends and sometimes use the family investments to act as collateral for these loans.It is very rare for the Chinese businesses to look for methods of finances from the public sources. They restrict themselves to the private sources since they prefer the confidentiality that the method brings (Gertmenian, n. d). They also use these methods since they operate on a trust basis to carry out their business and this m ethod does not require them to provide any documents regarding the performance of the business. When developing their businesses, the Chinese people use the family connections and their friends to make and increase the sales of their businesses.They develop personal connections with all their customers and clients and to ensure that these relationships maintained even in the long run. To maintain these relationships they go to great lengths and incur huge expenses as they stay connected to the customers and the business people who are influential and who make huge decisions. They give tokens of appreciation for services that are offered to them and to their customers (Chen, 2003). It is not unusual for the large Chinese corporations to incur extensive costs in international travel when they have clients from overseas.The American culture of carrying out business normally focuses on the profits that the business makes and achieving the targets and goals made. They take little concern on the relationships that are needed to ensure the future of the business. They rely on several methods to increase the profitability of the business and its future. A lot of marketing and advertising is carried out as they concentrate more on the monetary gains and having the most effective practices that will contribute to the goals of the company in the future.They take sales and marketing activities seriously to boost the company’s performance in the short term and also in the long run. When seeking finances to expand their business or even start off the Americans are used to seeking public sources of finances and selling securities (Thompson, 2007). They prefer such methods as they are able to cater for the financial needs and targets. Most of the companies and corporations are usually publicly owned and therefore they provide their financial information to the public. They are also publicly scrutinized for every decision that they make.4. 0 Conclusion It is true that t he American and Chinese business cultures are different and they interfere with the business development. Most of the failure of the ventures in business in the region is attributable to the neglect by the multi-national companies to understand the cultural differences that exist between the two business environments. It is worth noting that there is need for these companies to understand these cultures to ensure that they are able to successfully develop business opportunities that are continually emerging. Word Count: 3400 Reference ListBucknall, K. (2000). Chinese Business Etiquette and Culture. California: C&M Online Media, Inc. CBBC. (n. d). China Guide. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from China Britain Business Council: http://www. cbbc. org/china_guide/b_culture. html Chen, M. -J. (2003). Inside Chinese Business: A Guide for Managers Worldwide. Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press. Chinese Business Culture. (n. d). Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Los Angeles Chinese Learning Center: http://chinese-school. netfirms. com/business. html Gertmenian, L. W. (n. d). Cultural Insights on Doing Business in China .Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Pepperdine University: http://gbr. pepperdine. edu/982/china. html Kwintessential. (n. d). Doing Business in China. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Kwintessential: http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/etiquette/doing-business-china. html Saxon, M. (2007). An American's guide to doing business in China:. Massachusetts: Adams Media. Thompson, S. (2007, October 29). American Vs. Chinese Business Culture: In the Family. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Associated Content: http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/421642/american_vs_chinese_business_culture. html