Constitutional Developments During The Period Between 1860...

During the period between 1860 and 1877, many major changes occurred in America. There were many constitutional developments in this time period, which include the Emancipation Proclamation, the Civil War, and newly added Amendments. There were also many social developments included the Ku Klux Klan and voting of black people. Some of these developments were a revolution, which is a forcible overthrow of the government or social order in favor of a new system, and some were not. The constitutional developments started when the South tried to secede from the Union. The election of the anti-slavery Republican, Abraham Lincoln, as president in 1860 caused seven southern states to secede from the Union to form the Confederate States of†¦show more content†¦When the Confederacy did not stop, Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. The proclamation declared, That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freed om.† (Lincoln, 1863) Lincoln was re-elected in 1864, by Northern voters, for his second term, which ended all hope for a negotiated settlement with the Confederacy. Four years into the war and the Confederates start to surrendered after the re-election and the suffrage of the troops. The Union, out of default, won and the Southern states became part of America again. When the Civil War ended it proved that it was not a revolution because if it was then the Southern states would’ve successfully seceded. When the war ended slaves were finally considered â€Å"free†. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and was passed by the Congress on January 31st, 1865, and Constitutional Developments During The Period Between 1860... During the period between 1860 and 1877, many major changes occurred in America. There were many constitutional developments in this time period, which include the Emancipation Proclamation, the Civil War, and newly added Amendments. There were also many social developments included the Ku Klux Klan and voting of black people. Some of these developments were a revolution, which is a forcible overthrow of the government or social order in favor of a new system, and some were not. The constitutional developments started when the South tried to secede from the Union. The election of the anti-slavery Republican, Abraham Lincoln, as president in 1860 caused seven southern states to secede from the Union to form the Confederate States of America. Four more states tried seceding by using the 10th amendment, which declared â€Å"the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states.† The secession of Southern states caused a Civil War, which was, by itself, not a revolution. The Civil War is considered â€Å"America’s bloodiest clash†, which started in 1861 and ended in 1865. The Union was pitted against the Confederate States and resulted in the death of more than 620,000, with millions more injured. The war was over issues including states’ rights versus federal authority, westward expansion, and slavery. Two years into the Civil War, Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22nd, 1862.Show MoreRelatedConstitutional Developments During The Period Between 1860 And 18771671 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the period between 1860 and 1877, many major changes occurred in America. There were many constitutional developments in this time period, which include the Emancipation Proclamation, the Civil War, and newly added Amendments. There were also many social developments included the Ku Klux Klan and voting of black people. Some of these developments were a revolution, which is a forcible overthrow of the government or social order in favor of a new system, and some were not. The constitutionalRead MoreEssay on Social and Constitutional Development in America (1860-1877)748 Words   |  3 PagesSocial and Constitutional Development in America (1860-1877) During the post-civil war era, America, specifically the south, was undergoing a period of reconstruction. The general goal of reconstruction was to successfully readmit the former Confederacy back into the Union as smoothly as possible, as well as enacting specific safeguards of freedmen’s liberties. The social and constitutional developments in America between 1860 and 1877 were very minor. The lack of change between pre and postRead MoreCivil War Reconstruction Dbq Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the time period of 1860 and 1877 many major changes occurred. From the beginning of the civil war to the fall of the reconstruction, the United States changed dramatically. Nearly one hundred years after the Declaration of Independence which declared all men equal, many social and constitutional alterations were necessary to protect the rights of all people, no matter their race. These social and constitutional developments that were made during 1860 to 1877 were so dra stic it could be calledRead MoreThe Freedom And Full Citizenship Of All African Americans907 Words   |  4 Pagespresident in 1860 and because of this the south seceded and formed the confederate states of America. Shortly after, the civil war begun with the attack on fort Sumter and more southern states seceded. During the civil war Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation that freed all the slaves in the states that seceded, this was the first step to the freedom and full citizenship of all African Americans. During the time of the civil war and reconstruction period constitutional and social developments moderatelyRead More1860-1877 Revolution Due to Social Developments1383 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout American history, many have worked to make constitutional and social equality for all Americans, slave and free, black and white. Between 1860 and 1877, America had gone through civil war and reconstruction, from destructive to constructive. Hence, there had been many factors that attributed to constitutional and social developments in America history, but the main reasons for the change could attribute to the economic rivalry between the industrial North and the agricultural SouthRead MoreA SELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS:3529 Words   |  15 PagesSELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS: Part 1: Colonial Period to Civil War Colonial Times 1607 -1775 1. From 1600 -1763, several European nations vied for control of the North American continent. Why did England win the struggle? (73) 2. In the seventeenth century, New England Puritans tried to create a model society. What were their aspirations, and to what extent were those aspirations fulfilled during the seventeenth century? (83) 3. In the two decades before the outbreakRead MoreApush Dbqs Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pageschallenges the United States faced between 1968 and 1974, and evaluate how President Richard Nixon’s administration responded to them. (Form B) 1. Explain the ways that participation in political campaigns and elections in the United States changed between 1815 and 1840, and analyze forces and events that led to these changes. 2010 DBQ: (Form A) 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies fromRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction2195 Words   |  9 PagesReconstruction Overview Decades before the actual Civil War the nation was under national unity, however that shifted with new political system and movements. Coming of the Civil War Resistance of Slavery Slavery was implemented in the Americas prominently during the colonial era. Their contribution and labor to plantations was incomparable. As detailed by Fitzhugh, after centuries of oppression and abuse resistance opposing slavery were in many forms beginning with the written constitution in late 18th centuryRead MoreSlavery Cause for Civil War1483 Words   |  6 PagesMAIN CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR) US History to 1877 – HIST101 American Military University, 26 April 2014 Many factors led to the occurrence of the American Civil War. The key issues were slavery, different political ideologies, right of the people, and economic reasons. However, the key reasons that lead to the Civil War was slavery. Slavery is touted as the main cause of the conflict between the states in the northern part and those in the south. To date, slaveryRead MoreEmancipation And The Historical Memory Of Reconstruction Essay2661 Words   |  11 Pagessociety that they could vote, hold political offices, and legislate effectively. However, the bitterness and regular acts of violence toward African Americans that characterized most of this period has caused many Americans to disregard or totally erase from their collective memories this most important period in the nation?s history. This article discusses more fully the historical memory of Reconstruction. The American Civil War (1861?1865) ended with a decisive victory for the Union. The Confederacy

The story of Alice Sebold’s memoir begins with her as a...

The story of Alice Sebold’s memoir begins with her as a freshman at Syracuse University and the scene in which she is brutally raped. Sebold writes in vivid detail on how the rape went throughout the beginning of the chapter. She was walking back to her dormitory through a park during nighttime when she was suddenly assaulted and raped by a black man. After the traumatizing experience, she makes her back to her dorm where she told her friends about the rape. One of her roommate’s black friends gives her a hug in order to apologize on behalf of the black men and to make her not judge them as rapists due to the incident. After meeting with her friends, they take her emergency room. A police officer later tells her that she was â€Å"lucky†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Sebold further explains her feelings about the rape. She says how people did not see her the same way because she was â€Å"ruined† or â€Å"tainted.† She goes through a series of encou nters with people where she felt isolated from them because they did not know what to say to her or did not think she was the same person as before. Even through all of the isolation, she still decides to return to Syracuse. Everyone who knew about her rape felt uneasy towards her and tried to stay away from her. She begins taking hard-to-get-in classes such as a poetry workshop with Tess Gallagher and a writing workshop with Tobias Wolff. She starts to become fairly close to Mrs. Gallagher after showing her a poem that she wrote about the feelings she had for her rapist because Gallagher actually understood how she felt. One day on her way to Wolff’s class, she spots her rapist on Marshall Street and has an encounter with him. He asks her if he had seen her somewhere before but she ignored him and continued to walk. She notifies the police and the rapist, soon identified as Gregory Madison, is arrested. The story later develops into whether or not she wanted to testify her rape case since many rape victims would rather not continue and just leave everything in the past. Sebold, on the other hand, wants to testify and agrees to press charges and to actually be a witness in the triel. SheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Critical analysis of Alice Sebolds The Lovely Bones3148 Words   |  13 Pages Alice Sebold’s number one national bestselling novel The Lovely Bones depicts the horrendous rape and murder of a small-town girl named Suzie Salmon. Suzie must then watch--from her own personal heaven—her family and friends struggle to cope and move on with their lives. The novel is set in the suburbs of Norristown, Pennsylvania, 1973. Published in 2002, The Lovely Bones became an instant bestseller, and in 2010 it was released into theaters around the world. Alice Sebold’s early years helped

Hong Kong Business Law Assignment Free Essays

Hong Kong Business Law Assignment 1 1. Zoe wants to sue the retailer to claim back property damage of $22,000. The consumer claim to sue the retailer of HK$22,000 is a minor monetary claim. We will write a custom essay sample on Hong Kong Business Law Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Smalls Claims Tribunal was set up to deal with monetary claims involving amounts not exceeding HK$50,000. It is an inferior court which provides a quick , inexpensive and informal method of adjudicating disputes relating to minor monetary claim. Legal representation is not allowed. It is most feasible for Zoe to claim back the HK$22,000 with minimal litigation costs. 2. Possess 0. 05 gram ketamine is categorized as a summary offence. Legal actions for summary offences can be heard in the Magistracy. The Magistracy was set up to exercise criminal jurisdiction over a wide range of indictable and summary offences meriting up to 2 years’ imprisonment and a fine of $100,000. Magistrate can also issue warrants, bind a person over to keep the peace and a grant bail. 3. Annie will bring an action under the tort law. Tort law concerns with claims for property damage and personal injuries directly arising out of breaches of a duty of care owed by one individual to another. Tort law provides compensation for both injury to the person and property, causing pure economic loss and for injury. The District Court has limited jurisdiction in both civil and criminal matters. It has civil jurisdiction to hear monetary claims from $ 50,001 and up to $ 1 million. The common types of civil action that the District Court deals with are claims for breach of contract and tort claims. Legal actions for tort claims can be heard in the district court. As Annie wants to claim for claim compensation of HK $85,000, the amount is within the civil jurisdiction of the District Court. Annie can apply to the District Court and a judge will determine whether or not Annie’s case will succeed. 4. Bonnie Li can apply to the Labour Tribunal for the unreasonable dismissal by Asia Construction Materials Ltd. Labour Tribunal was set up to provide a quick, inexpensive and informal method of setting disputes between employees and employers. Legal representation is not allowed. It deals with claims arising from the breach of a term of a contract of employment including employment protection. An employee may claim for remedies against an employer under situation of unreasonable dismissal. It is most feasible for Bonnie Li to recover salary in lieu of notice, relevant accrued fringe benefits owed by the employer and other associated compensation with minimal litigation costs. 5. Henry can apply to the Court of First Instance of the High Court for a legal action for judicial review of the decision of the Legislative Council. Constitutional Law are rules which effect distribution and exercise of power and relate to legislature, the executive institutions and the judiciary. Under the Basic Law, legislative council of HKSAR is deemed in law as â€Å"legislature of the Region†. Because the Court of First Instance can exercise supervisory jurisdictions. Supervisory jurisdiction is exercised over inferior courts, tribunals, administrative authorities or public bodies acting judicially through applications for judicial review procedure by the alleged aggravated party. A judge will determine whether or not Henry’s case will succeed. How to cite Hong Kong Business Law Assignment, Essay examples

Information Security System of Foodland Supermarkets Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Information Security System of Foodland Supermarkets. Answer: Introduction Overview of strategic information security With the new emphasis on both the physical and digital information insecurity issues resulting from illegal users and terrorist threats, Asani (2014) points out that many organizations and information security professionals focus on strategies that will help in curbing the issue. Every business currently tries to adopt security systems that will help in protecting the information assets of their businesses. As a result, Kearney andKruger (2016) assert that emphases are made of the broader roles of the different information security systems. The resulting effect is sound security policies in line with the strategic goals that provide insights to organizational managers and IT professionals on issues that are surrounding the protection of valuable information assets (D'Arcy, Herath Shoss 2014, p. 286). In this century, information security system is an emerging issue that has become a big issue in the information systems. Therefore, a strategic information security is used to help in achieving the strategic security goals of an organization (Boss et al. 2016, 850). With the competitive business environment of the 21st century, information security is a major issue that requires strategic planning and implementation so that every organization can be equipped with the insecurity issues experienced in the current market. However, Boss et al. (2015) reiterates that effective information security systems rely not just on procedures and policies or even hardware and software, but hinges on a mindset that the security of an organization is a core part of the business management other than just an afterthought. Objective of the report With the advancement in technology, businesses have not only progressed positively but have also been exposed to different threats according to Sohrabi et al. (2016, p. 56). Information insecurity is hence a major issue of the current business century with increasing reports of fraud, leakage of business secrets, corruption, information loss among other challenges as identified by D'Arcy, Herath, and Shoss (2015, p. 290). It is thus aimed at giving a description of the importance of Information Security systems and the role it plays in the organization. The paper is thus aimed at providing the overview and analysis of the current information security threats and challenges experienced in the current business. Like Foodland Supermarkets, Asani (2014) points out that once an organization incorporates security information systems, it boosts its security and competitive ability, among other useful management practices and effectively use their human resources thus increasing the producti vity of the resources. The management of Foodland Supermarkets can thus take note of its key objectives in their information security system to identify the possible areas of development. Structure of the report This paper presents a case study of the Foodland supermarkets in Australia. The paper gives a case study overview of the information security systems of Foodland Supermarkets adopted with the aim of not only improving the customer satisfaction and increasing their customer base but boosting the security as well. The paper thus begins by presenting an overview of information security systems and the current issues facing the handling of the general information in the current business. With Foodland Supermarkets as a case study, the paper addresses strategies adopted in controlling risks to information security adopted protection mechanisms, and analysis of the personnel involved in the process. It as well examines the PRT network monitor as well as the laws and ethics behind an information security system that governs organizations such as Foodland Supermarkets while implementing the information security systems. Information security assessment and organizational discussion Controlling risk When Colin Rugless made a retirement decision, he needed a clear succession strategy so as to pass the ownership as well as the management of the four Foodland stores to his son and daughter. It was a renowned family business in the community that had a successful performance and management history in the food industry. The succession hence required a strategic solution that would not only provide a peace of mind for Mr. Colin but would also protect the hard-earned assets and maintain the good reputation of the business. Buck (2013) in his article reports that challenges of insecurity were a major issue as a result of technological advancement that was becoming a vital requirement so as to remain competitive in the food industry. As a result, the management and the employees adopted information security systems as one of the modern ways of embracing technology while maintaining the security of the business as well. The adoption of the strategy was adopted under three major steps. First, Foodland Supermarkets ensured that the management and the employees of Foodland Supermarkets received through education and training on information security. In their study, Chen, Ramamurthy, and Wen (2012) point out that education and training is one of an essential information security issues currently affecting many businesses. It has thus been identified by IT directors, CISOs, managers, and staff among other security stakeholders as a major requirement for any business with a competitive strategic objective in the current technological business environment (Cram, Brohman, Gallupe 2016, p. 89). Foodland Supermarkets hence ensured that they went ahead in providing awareness on information security to the staff as a mandatory procedure in their selection and recruitment process as well as training and development for employees. The training process integrated the assistance of external IT communicators and security professionals, some of who were employed by to ensure the p rocess is efficient. Secondly, Foodland Supermarkets management developed an achievable and effective information security system that will strategically respond to the culture and business operation of the food industry so as elevate the security concerns within the business. According to Chatterjee, Sarker, Valacich (2015), effective information security systems helps in outlining high-level priorities and strategic goals of an information security program adopted by an organization. Te strategies should thus demonstrate the relationship of the relationship between the information security and the overall organizational mission so as to identify how the system will assist the organization in achieving its strategic security objectives. Adopting the system has thus enabled the organization to prioritize investments and resources towards information security. Thirdly, the organization planned and implemented next-generation security technologies that can effectively respond to the evolving security threats faced by food industries as a result of the advancement of technology. With the increase in the cloud security concerns and the internet technology, Yue (2015) points out that there are other emerging information security sophisticated threats. It is hence necessary that Foodland Supermarkets adopts technologies and tools that can help in the identification and mitigation of both the existing and emerging threats as one of the utmost essential to the employed IT communicators and security professionals. According to Sohrabi et al. (2016), the planning for an effective next-generation security procedure needs to be done in agreement with the modern ethical legislations and security protocols. As a result, Foodland Supermarkets is assured of integrating the relevant and ethical IT architecture components and roadmap infrastructure that wi ll ensure a secure and stable environment for the business operation of the enterprise. Protection and information security mechanisms With assistance from external advisory committees, the new management held a frequent meeting with the advisory so as to come up with strategic security objectives, management procedures, and necessary counseling that would see the business through to the next level. Such a step hence gave the new management clear understanding of some of the vital insecurity threats that needed to be addressed among other vital management issues. With the assistance from Williams advisory committee, the new management of the enterprise adopted different management strategies that would not only boost the security of the business but will as well improve their customer satisfaction in the competitive market. The protection mechanism adopted by the organization hence focused on the various aspects of the life-cycle involved in building security programs. The step was aimed at emphasizing to the employees and regulation authorities concerned that security was an ongoing effort within the organization. For instance, Bernik and Prislan (2016) point out that open wireless networks, as well as credit card thefts, are common information security threats to many organizations. Foodland Supermarkets have thus implemented robust security procedures and policies that can help in managing such vices within the organization. The mechanism presents a high-level view of the roles of security managers that can be integrated with the strategic focus of the organization. The management hence ensured a distribution of roles by adopting strategies that showed the responsibilities of the chief information security officers and the chief security officers within the enterprise. Foodland Supermarkets IT professionals thus explore the authentication strategies and models that can deliver the relevant or emerging information security overviews depending on the level of advancement of technological tools adopted to secure the business information for the enterprise. The IT information security department of the organization have a listing of the valuable Internet-based information security resources. Chatterjee, Sarker, and Valacich (2015) point out that such resources are essential in examining the information system security tasks and concepts to ensure secure business continuity, information risks management and r eduction, as well as testing and auditing of the information security procedures adopted by an organization. Personnel and Security In the attempt of ensuring an ethical and legal information security procedure, Bernik and Prislan (2016) point out that developing a strategic system is a top issue. As a result, developing such strategies is a step that is essential in establishing information security as an organizational strategy rather than just an operational concern. In their study, Bruwer and Rawbone-Viljoen (2015) point out that the step requires a strategic plan with high set o f priorities that are in line with the organizational strategic security objectives. The study point out that information security system is more than recitations of the innovative technologies to secure both individual and organizational data. Foodland Supermarket has adopted information security strategies that are flexible so as to enable a quick response to the existing as well as emerging information insecurity issues facing organizations as a result of technological innovations. The system has short- and long T term objectives, metrics, and performance targets as a step towards elevating vital information security management concerns for the enterprise. When it comes to the employment of personnel, the company does not take part in employing the underage. Aside from this being illegal, it is against their set objectives since a minor has no qualified skills. In order for the company to maximize their profits, it cannot depend on unskilled labour since mistakes are bound to happen. Furthermore, the company will be risking their closure since minors are not supposed to labour until they are adults In every organization, teamwork is an essential human resource management strategy that is essential to achieving the set goals and objectives for different organizations. In their study, Steinbart et al. (2016) point out that every employee within the workforce has a responsibility to play in helping business organizations to achieve their strategic objectives. For Foodland supermarkets, the objective of achieving secure organizational and customer security information is not only a responsibility to the IT officials. The management has ensured that all the employees acquire the relevant information security skills as a regular training program for the new and existing employees. However, most of the duty is left to the management as well as the IT officers who have the professional qualifications to ensure that the organization adopts a system that is relevant, sustainable and in line with the strategic objective of the organization. Law and ethics Education and training of most IT specialists and managers of information systems tend to focus mainly on the technical skills and knowledge. However, Bruwer and Rawbone-Viljoen (2013) point out that they focus very little on how the abilities can be misused by many users. In fact, many of the IT professional managers and professionals approach their work and training from a hackers perspective. Most of the IT professionals like software engineers tend to get access to knowledge and confidential data on individuals and companies that can give them a great deal of power (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi, Talaei-Khoei 2014, p. 84). Some of the power can be used deliberately in a wrong way that can harm the progress of other people or result in loss of information. In their study, Sen and Bourne (2016) point out that is essential for a company to ensure that its employees are trained on the ethical and laws governing information security of both the organization and the individual customers. For Foodland Supermarkets, ethics is paramount not only on the issues regarding customers and organizational information but even in customer service as well. The management hence ensures that the IT communicators, as well as other employees, are trained and developed towards achieving ethical professional practices in the process of their service delivery to customers of the business. Foodland Supermarkets hence consider best ISO information security standards and practices that meet the global standards of data protection. In his study, Gupta and Saini (2013) points out ISO/IEC 27001:2013 as essential in the implementation, maintenance, and improvement within any organizational context. Ensuring the organization meets this standard hence enables it to meet the ethical laws and standards that are vital in the data security management for the organization. These ethical standards have enabled the organization to uniform agreement and understanding on both functional and non-functiona l requirements in the process of designing effective information systems that are compatible with a competitive food industry requirement (D'Arcy, Herath Shoss 2014, p. 286). PRT Network Monitor report The use of a network report tool like the PRT network monitor is essential for administrators in keeping control of the organizational network (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi, Talaei-Khoei 2014, p. 84 and Asani 2015, p. 5). The tool is essential in identifying bandwidth usage trends and networks, monitor the uptime and availability of different network devices, as well as checking performance matrix like RAM and CPU usage for the organizations servers and computers. The PRTG Network report hence helps the organization in collecting and displaying monitored information and data in ways that can easily be interpreted and reported (Prislan 2016, p. 1). According to Jingguo, Gupta and Rao (2015), PRT network report is essential for organizations that have adopted different information security system strategies. For Foodland enterprise, the implementation of the network enables the organization to; PRTG enables the enterprise to easily manage and compare the current and historical data that is essential in doing resource planning, troubleshooting window networks, or running Ethernet performance tests within the information security systems. It makes the selected data available upon request to a defined set of users thus initiating the use of presentation tools like graphs for easy interpretation of the information and organizational data. It thus helps in monitoring access to both individual and information data hence preventing access by unauthorized users as a way of monitoring the data (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi, Talaei-Khoei 2014, p. 84). It is a powerful and as well as a cost-effective network monitoring tool that helps in securely generating detailed reports for summary reports according to Steinbart et al. (2016). It hence gives managers and other organizational stakeholders a quick overview of the progress of the organization as well as possible security information risks that can affect the organization. Conclusion Information security is an issue of paramount importance to every business that adopts the current technological business innovations in the connected business world. It is hence essential for institutions to openly share ideas and collaborate so as to assist the business community moving forward with matters of information security. Every business hence needs to develop a strategic and effective information security systems responding to the culture and institutional organization that can elevate concerns of information security to the organizational activities. A competitive business organization also needs to ensure a competitive working environment by adopting regular training and development procedures for the employees on the relevant information security issues effective the current nature of the business industry. It is hence essential to develop security policies for the cloud, mobile, and digital resources to as to help in issues of data access, handling, control, and user- awareness with the aim of reducing the major information insecurity threats faced in the current business environment. References Amrollahi, A, Ghapanchi, AH Talaei-Khoei, A 2014, Three decades of research on strategic information system plan development, Communications of the Association for Information Systems,vol. 34, no. 1, p.84. Asani, E.O., 2014. A Review Of Trends Of Authentication Mechanisms For Access Control.Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics Allied Research Journal,5(2). Bernik, I, Prislan, K 2016, 'Measuring Information Security Performance with 10 by 10 Model for Holistic State Evaluation',Plos ONE, 11, 9, pp. 1-33, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Boss, S, Galletta, D, Benjamin Lowry, P, Moody, G, Polak, P 2015, 'What do systems users have to fear? using fear appeals to engender threats and fear that motivate protective security behaviors',MIS Quarterly, 39, 4, pp. 837-864, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Bruwer, J Rawbone-Viljoen, C 2013, BYOB as a risk-reduction strategy (RRS) for wine consumers in the Australian on-premise foodservice sector: Exploratory insights,International Journal of Hospitality Management,vol. 32, pp.21-30. Chatterjee, S, Sarker, S, Valacich, J 2015, 'The Behavioral Roots of Information Systems Security: Exploring Key Factors Related to Unethical IT Use',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 31, 4, pp. 49-87, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Chen, Y, Ramamurthy, K, Wen, K 2012, 'Organizations' Information Security Policy Compliance: Stick or Carrot Approach?',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 29, 3, pp. 157-188, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Cram, W, Brohman, K, Gallupe, R 2016, 'Information Systems Control: A Review and Framework for Emerging Information Systems Processes',Journal Of The Association For Information Systems, 17, 4, pp. 216-266, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. D'Arcy, J, Herath, T, Shoss, M 2014, 'Understanding Employee Responses to Stressful Information Security Requirements: A Coping Perspective',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 31, 2, pp. 285-318, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Gupta, S, Saini, A 2013, 'Information System Security and Risk Management: Issues and Impact on Organizations',Global Journal Of Enterprise Information System, 5, 1, pp. 31-35, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Jingguo, W, Gupta, M, Rao, H 2015, 'Insider threats in a financial institution: analysis of attack-proneness of information systems applications',MIS Quarterly, 39, 1, pp. 91-A7, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Kearney, W, Kruger, H 2016, 'Can perceptual differences account for enigmatic information security behaviour in an organisation?',Computers Security, 61, pp. 46-58, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Prislan, K 2016, Network reporting tool: Analyze and visualize network usage trends using prtg network monitor, Retrieved from https://www.paessler.com/network_reporting_tool Sen, R, Borle, S 2015, 'Estimating the Contextual Risk of Data Breach: An Empirical Approach',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 32, 2, pp. 314-341, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Sohrabi, N, Safa, N, Von Solms, R, Furnell, S 2016, 'Information security policy compliance model in organizations',Computers Security, 56, pp. 50-72, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 201 Steinbart, P, Raschke, R, Gal, G, Dilla, W 2016, 'SECURQUAL: An Instrument for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Enterprise Information Security Programs',Journal Of Information Systems, 30, 1, pp. 71-92, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Yue, W 2012, 'Information Security Outsourcing with System Interdependency and Mandatory Security Requirement',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 29, 3, pp. 117-156, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016.