From Black and White to HDTV, TVs grip on our Young :: essays research papers fc

From Black and White, to HDTV, TV’s Grip on our Young   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How many televisions do you have in your house? Do you watch those TV’s for more than an hour a day? How much is too much television? These questions are asked by people everyday, with each question comes a varied response depending on who is asked. Children are very impressionable. How does television affect the children that are between the ages of ten and sixteen? Could the affect be positive or is it negative. People who watch violent television as children behave more aggressively even 15 years later, according to one of the few TV violence studies to follow children into adulthood (Grossman 43). The effect appears in both sexes regardless even of how aggressive a person was as a child, researchers found (Kline 138). â€Å"Experts say the results are no surprise, but added that the study is important because it used a wide range of measures, included many participants and showed the effect in females as well as males† (Noble 113). â€Å"Huesmann said televised violence suggests to young children that aggression is appropriate in some situations, especially when it's used by   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gleason 2 charismatic heroes. It also erodes a natural aversion to violence† (Comstock 14). The American Psychological Association has said that viewing violence on TV promotes aggressive behavior, particularly in children. Other mental-health and medical groups have taken similar stands (Nobel 178). Children who play actively will have more of an opportunity to develop their senses than children who are passively viewing (Grossman 192). The health aspects of watching TV can vary, almost entirely bad. While watching TV, the eyes are practically motionless and `defocused' in order to take in the whole screen. Constant movement is required for healthy eye development (parenthoodweb Oct 24). Viewing affects not only eye mechanics, but also the ability to focus and pay attention. Since TV is more visual than auditory, children's sense of hearing is not being used to its full extent. Active listening is a skill that needs to be developed. Children need practice in hearing different things to gain that needed stimulation. Also, when TV is constantly on, the sense of hearing may be dulled by the persistent background noise (apa Oct 30). Studies show that the consumption of alcohol is shown or mentioned in 80 percent of prime-time programs (Cook   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gleason 3 32). Alcoholic beverages outnumber the other beverages consumed on TV, but the pattern of drinking is virtually the opposite of the pattern found in the real world.

Advantages Of Beauty Contests

Advantages of beauty contests†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. FIRST IMPRESSION IS THE LAST IMPRESSION†¦ how a person appears always matters†¦.. The first thing that catches your eye when you look at a person is his or her face. It takes just a split second for us to judge someone and make our first and everlasting impression. Good evening†¦ today I stand in front of you to speak against the motion â€Å"beauty contest must be banned†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Many cynical people say that beauty shows are nothing more than a showcase to flaunt women’s physical attributes. They may not be entirely true.In fact if you don't look good,may be you don't leave a good first impression. That is what beauty is. You need to look beautiful in this era where people are judgmental. In my opinion, the advantage of pageants is empowerment because when you join beauty pageants you put yourself in a position to influence people. People look up to you, they listen and respect you. You serve as a role model especially to younger people and inspire others. Beauty contests have more advantages than disadvantages: Firstly, they are a medium to get recognition. People feel valued and appreciated when they receive recognition for their hard work.Beauty Queens or Kings become instant celebrities and are treated like royalties in their respective countries! ? Secondly, they help you build up self-confidence and confront your fears. The ability to face ones fears and take action anyway develops great confidence. Its common knowledge that speaking in front of a crowd gives people cold feet. Be it Q&A, interviews,discussions,conferences or even formal conversations! ?People are usually shy and reserved. By joining pageants, they are forced to break that shell and open up to the world. Thirdly, beauty contests are a method of personal development.The more a person recognizes and understands their strengths, values, likes, dislikes, beliefs, and personality style, the greater fulfillment and satis faction they’ll experience from their life. ? And last but not the least,these contests help in handling stress, pressure and disappointment. These reactions are a part of life. Your attitude and thoughts around these reactions can either move you forward towards fulfillment or break you down. Stress, pressure and disappointment don’t have to be viewed as negative things. In fact, they can be powerful motivators to accelerate you to the next level.It all depends on how you look at them. In pageantry, you experience these to the fullest extent, and with guidance, you can learn how to flip them to work to your advantage. ? Recognition, personal development, communication skills, confidence and handling stress, pressure and disappointments in life are the benefits you’ll take with you by taking part in beauty contests. After such notable benefits, do you still think beauty contests should be banned I leave the answer to you†¦. Just remember if you fancy modeli ng, hair, makeup and fashion, then these merits come like icing to your cake!

Study Of Mutual Funds And Investors Perception About Them Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4091 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Savings form an important part of die economy of any nation. With savings invested in various options available to the people, the money acts as the driver for growth of the country. Indian financial scene too presents multiple avenues to the investors. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study Of Mutual Funds And Investors Perception About Them Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Though certainly not the best or deepest of markets in the world, it has ignited the growth rate in mutual fund industry to provide reasonable options for an ordinary man to invest his savings. Indian MF industry offers a plethora of schemes and serves broadly all type of investors. The range of products includes equity funds , debts, liquid, gilt, and balanced funds. There are also funds meant exclusively for young and old , small and large investors. Moreover, the stup of a legal structure, which has enough teeth to safeguard investors interest, ensures that the investors are not cheated out of their hard-earned money. One can avail of the benefits of better returns with added benefits of anytime liquidity by investing in open-ended debt funds at lower risk. Many people have burnt their fingers by investing in fixed deposits of companies who were assuring high returns but have gone bust in course of time leading to distraught investors as well as pending cases in the Company Law Board. This risk of default by any company that one has chosen to invest in, can be minimized by investing in mutual funds as the fund managers analyze the companies financials more minutely than an individual can do as they have the expertise to do so. They can manage the maturity of their portfolio by investing in instruments of varied maturity profiles. Since there is no penalty on pre-mature withdrawal, as in the cases of fixed deposits, debt funds provide enough liquidity. Moreover, mutual funds are better placed to absorb the fluctuations in the prices of the securities as a result of interest rate variation and one can benefits from any such price movement. Apart from liquidity, these funds have also provided very good post-tax returns on year to year basis. Apart from small retail investor, the industry can attract investments from institutional and big investors as well. Liquid funds offer liquidity as well as better returns than banks and so attract investors. Many funds provide anytime withdrawal enabling a big investor to take maximum benefits. Like we said earlier, the appeal of mutual funds cuts across investor classes. In other developed countries, mutual funds attract much more investments as compared to the banking sector but in India the case is reverse. We lack awareness about the benefits that are offered by these schemes. It is time that investors irrespective of their risk capacities, made intelligent decisions to generate better returns and mutual funds are definitely one of the ways to go about it. CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK INTRODUCTION A mutual fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common financial goal. The money thus collected is invested by the fund manager in different types of securities depending upon the objective of the scheme. These could range from shares to debentures to money market instrument. The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciation realized by the scheme is shared by unit holders in proportion to the number of units owned by them (pro rata). Thus a mutual fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed portfolio at a relatively low cost. Anybody with an investible surplus of as little as a few thousand rupees can invest I mutual funds. Each mutual fund scheme has a defined investment objective and strategy. A mutual fund is the ideal investment vehicle for today complex and modern financial scenario. Markets for equity shares, bonds and othe r fixed income instruments, real estate, derivatives and other assets have become mature and information driven. Price changes in these assets are driven by global events occurring in faraway places. A typical individual is unlikely to have the knowledge, skills, inclination and time to keep track of events, understand their implications and act speedily. An individual also finds it difficult to keep track of ownership of his assets, investments, brokerage dues and bank tractions etc. A mutual fund is an answer to all these situations. It appoints professionally qualified and experienced staff that manages each of these functions on a full time basis. The large pool of money collected in the fund allows it to hire such staff at a very low cost to each investor. In effect, the mutual fund vehicle exploits economies of scale in all three areas -the research, investments and transaction processing. While the concept of individuals coming together to invest money collectively is not new , the mutual fund in its present form is a 20th century phenomenon. In fact, mutual funds gained popularity only after the second world war. Globally, there are thousands of firms offering tons of thousands of mutual funds with different investment objectives. Today ,mutual funds collectively managed almost as much as or more money as compared to banks. A draft offer document is to be prepared at the time of launching the fund. Typically, it pre specifies the investment objectives of the fund, the risk associated, the costs involved in the process and the broad rules for entry into and exit from the fund and other areas of operation. In India, as in most countries these sponsors need approval from a regulator, SEBI (securities exchange board of India) in our case. SEBI looks at track records of the sponsor nd its financial strength in granting approval to the fund for commencing operations. A sponsor then hires an asset management company to invest the funds according to t he investment objective. It also hires another entity to be the custodian of the assets of the fund and perhaps a third one to handle registry work for the unit holders (subscribers) of the fund. In the Indian context, the sponsors promote the Asset Management Company also, in which it holds a majority stake. In many cases a sponsor can hold a 100% stake in the Asset Management Company(AMC). Ex. Birla Global Finance is the sponsor of the Birla Sun Life Asset Management Company Ltd., which has floated different mutual funds schemes and also acts as an asset manager for the funds collected under the schemes. Mutual Funds invest basically in three types of asset classes. These include: Stocks: Stocks represent ownership or equity in a company. This asset class has historically outperformed all other asset classes over the long-term but tends to be more volatile in the short-term. Debt Instruments: This represents debt papers of corporate and government agencies. They provid e income in the form of interest payments and principal if held till maturity. There can be price volatility due to interest rate movements as well as economic and political instability. Money Market Instruments: These are inter-bank Call Money, Commercial Paper, Treasury Bills, Certificates of Deposit (CDs), Bill Rediscounting and short-term bonds. They pay interest and are the least volatile of all the asset classes. HISTORY OF INDIAN MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY The mutual fund industry in India started in 1963 with the formation of Unit Trust of India, at the initiative of the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India. The history of mutual funds in India can be broadly divided into four distinct phases : First Phase 1964-87    Unit Trust of India (UTI) was established on 1963 by an Act of Parliament. It was set up by the Reserve Bank of India and functioned under the Regulatory and administrative control of the Reserve Bank of India. In 1978 UTI was de-linked from the RBI and the Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) took over the regulatory and administrative control in place of RBI. The first scheme launched by UTI was Unit Scheme 1964. At the end of 1988 UTI had Rs.6,700 crores of assets under management.  Second Phase 1987-1993 (Entry of Public Sector Funds) 1987 marked the entry of non- UTI, public sector mutual funds set up by public sector banks and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and Genera l Insurance Corporation of India (GIC). SBI Mutual Fund was the first non- UTI Mutual Fund established in June 1987 followed by Canbank Mutual Fund (Dec 87), Punjab National Bank Mutual Fund (Aug 89), Indian Bank Mutual Fund (Nov 89), Bank of India (Jun 90), Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund (Oct 92). LIC established its mutual fund in June 1989 while GIC had set up its mutual fund in December 1990. At the end of 1993, the mutual fund industry had assets under management of Rs.47,004 crores.  Third Phase 1993-2003 (Entry of Private Sector Funds)    With the entry of private sector funds in 1993, a new era started in the Indian mutual fund industry, giving the Indian investors a wider choice of fund families. Also, 1993 was the year in which the first Mutual Fund Regulations came into being, under which all mutual funds, except UTI were to be registered and governed. The erstwhile Kothari Pioneer (now merged with Franklin Templeton) was the first private sector mutual fund r egistered in July 1993.    The 1993 SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations were substituted by a more comprehensive and revised Mutual Fund Regulations in 1996. The industry now functions under the SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations 1996.    The number of mutual fund houses went on increasing, with many foreign mutual funds setting up funds in India and also the industry has witnessed several mergers and acquisitions. As at the end of January 2003, there were 33 mutual funds with total assets of Rs. 1,21,805 crores. The Unit Trust of India with Rs.44,541 crores of assets under management was way ahead of other mutual funds.  Fourth Phase since February 2003    In February 2003, following the repeal of the Unit Trust of India Act 1963 UTI was bifurcated into two separate entities. One is the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India with assets under management of Rs.29,835 crores as at the end of January 2003, representing broadly, the assets of US 64 scheme , assured return and certain other schemes. The Specified Undertaking of Unit Trust of India, functioning under an administrator and under the rules framed by Government of India and does not come under the purview of the Mutual Fund Regulations.    The second is the UTI Mutual Fund, sponsored by SBI, PNB, BOB and LIC. It is registered with SEBI and functions under the Mutual Fund Regulations. With the bifurcation of the erstwhile UTI which had in March 2000 more than Rs.76,000 crores of assets under management and with the setting up of a UTI Mutual Fund, conforming to the SEBI Mutual Fund Regulations, and with recent mergers taking place among different private sector funds, the mutual fund industry has entered its current phase of consolidation and growth.  The graph indicates the growth of assets over the years :  CONCEPT A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common financial goal. The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments such as shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciation realised are shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of units owned by them. Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a relatively low cost. The flow chart below describes broadly the working of a mutual fund: ORGANISATION OF A MUTUAL FUND There are many entities involved and the diagram below illustrates the organisational set up of a mutual fund: Organisation of a Mutual Fund These are :- Establishes the mutual fund as a trust and registers with SEBI Managed by the board of trustees. Sponsor Company Hold unit holders funds in mutual fund. Enters into an agreement with SEBI. Mutual fund (For e.g. Reliance AMC) Floats mutual funds as per the regulations of SEBI regulations. Asset Management Company. Provides the network for distribution of schemes to the investors. Provides registrar and transfer services. Provides custodial services. Distributors Registrar Custodian Types of Mutual Fund Schemes Mutual fund schemes may be classified on the basis of its structure and its investment objective. By Structure Open-ended An open-end fund is one that is available for subscription all through the year. These do not have a fixed maturity. Investors can conveniently buy and sell units at Net Asset Value (NAV) related prices. The key feature of open-end schemes is liquidity. Close-ended A closed-end fund has a stipulated maturity period which generally ranging from 3 to 7 years. The fund is open for subscription only during a specified period. Investors can invest in the scheme at the time of the initial public issue and thereafter they can buy or sell the units of the scheme on the stock exchanges where they are listed. In order to provide an exit route to the investors, some close-ended funds give an option of selling back the units to the Mutual Fund through periodic repurchase at NAV related prices. SEBI Regulations stipulate that at least one of the two exit routes is provided to the investor. These mutual fund schemes disclose NAV generally on a weekly basis. Interval-Funds Interval funds combine the features of open-ended and close-ended schemes. They are open for sale or redemption during pre-determined intervals at NAV related prices. By Investment Objective Growth/Equity Oriented Schemes The aim of growth funds is to provide capital appreciation over the medium to long term. Such schemes normally invest a majority of their corpus in equities. It has been proved that returns from stocks, have outperformed most other kind of investments held over the long term. Growth schemes are ideal for investors having a long term outlook seeking growth over a period of time. Income/Debt Oriented Schemes The aim of income funds is to provide regular and steady income to investors. Such schemes generally invest in fixed income securities such as bonds, corporate debentures and Government securities. Income Funds are ideal for capital stability and regular income. Balanced Funds The aim of balanced funds is to provide both growth and regular income. Such schemes periodically distribute a part of their earning and invest both in equities and fixed income securities in the proportion indicated in their offer documents. In a rising stock market, the NAV of these schemes may not normally keep pace, or fall equally when the market falls. These are ideal for investors looking for a combination of income and moderate growth. Money Market Or Liquid Funds The aim of money market funds is to provide easy liquidity, preservation of capital and moderate income. These schemes generally invest in safer short-term instruments such as treasury bills, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and inter-bank call money. Returns on these schemes may fluctuate depending upon the interest rates prevailing in the market. These are ideal for Corporate and individual investors as a means to park their surplus funds for short periods. Gilt Fund These funds invest exclusively in government se ­curities. Government securities have no default risk. NAVs of these schemes also fluctuate due to changes in interest rates and other economic fac ­tors as is the case with income or debt-oriented schemes. Other Schemes Tax Saving Schemes These schemes offer tax rebates to the investors under specific provisions of the Indian Income Tax laws as the Government offers tax incentives for investment in specified avenues. Investments made in Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS) and Pension Schemes are allowed as deduction u/s 88 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. PLANS THAT MUTUAL FUND OFFERS Mutual Funds in order to cater to a range of investors, have various investment plans. Some of the important investment plans include the following: Growth Plan Under the Growth Plan, the investor realises only the capital appreciation on the investment (by an increase in NAV) and does not get any income in the form of dividend. Income Plan Under the Income Plan, the investor realises income in the form of dividend. However his NAV will fall to the extent of the dividend. Dividend Re-investment Plan Here the dividend accrued on mutual funds is automatically re-invested in purchasing additional units in open-ended funds. In most cases mutual funds offer the investor an option of collecting dividends or re-investing the same. Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) SIP is similar to a Recurring Deposit. Every month an amount the investor chooses, is invested in a mutual fund scheme of his/her choice. Under this plan Investors invest a specific amount for a continuous period, at regular intervals. By doing this, the investor get the advantage of rupee cost averaging. Which means that by investing the same amount at regular intervals, the average cost per unit remains lower than the average market price, irrespective of how the market is rising, falling or fluctuating .i.e. with every fluctuation in the market the units are purchased systematically, thus resulting in averaging the purchase price. Whereas this is not true for a one-time investment. This is the reason why a SIP investor gets phenomenal rate of return compared to a one-time investor. Systematic Withdrawal Plan As opposed to the Systematic Investment Plan, the Systematic Withdrawal Plan allows the investor the facility to withdraw a pre-determined amount/units from his fund at a pre-determined interval. The investors units will be redeemed at the existing NAV as on that day. Retirement Pension Plan Some schemes are linked with retirement pension. Individuals participate in these plans for themselves, and corporate for their employees. Insurance Plan Some schemes launched by UTI and LIC offer insurance cover to investors. NET ASSET VALUE (NAV) NAV is the total asset value (net of expenses) per unit of the fund and is calculated by the Asset Management Company (AMC) at the end of every business day. Net asset value on a particular date reflects the realizable value that the investor will get for each unit that he his holding if the scheme is liquidated on that date. The performance of a particular scheme of a mutual fund is denoted by Net Asset Value (NAV). Mutual funds invest the money collected from the investors in securities markets. In simple words, Net Asset Value is the market value of the securities held by the scheme. Since market value of securities changes every day, NAV of a scheme also varies on day to day basis. The NAV per unit is the market value of securities of a scheme divided by the total number of units of the scheme on any particular date. For example, if the market value of securities of a mutual fund scheme is Rs 200 lakhs and the mutual fund has issued 10 lakhs units of Rs. 10 each to the in vestors, then the NAV per unit of the fund is Rs.20. NAV is required to be disclosed by the mutual funds on a regular basis daily or weekly depending on the type of scheme. CALCULATION OF NAV ADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUNDS 1. DIVERSIFICATION: Mutual Funds invest in a number of companies across a broad cross-section of industries and sectors. This diversification reduces the risk because seldom do all stocks decline at the same time and in the same proportion. You achieve this diversification through a Mutual Fund with far less money than you can do on your own. Thus, with smaller amounts you can achieve a higher degree of diversification and reduce your risk. 2. PROFESSIONAL MANAGEMENT: Most mutual funds pay topflight professionals to manage their investments. These managers decide what securities the fund will buy and sell. 3. RETURN POTENTIAL: Over a medium to long-term, Mutual Funds have the potential to provide a higher return as they invest in a diversified basket of selected securities. 4. LIQUIDITY: Its easy to get your money out of a mutual fund. In open-end schemes, the investor gets the money back promptly at net asset value related prices from the Mutual Fund. In closed-end scheme s, the units can be sold on a stock exchange at the prevailing market price or the investor can avail of the facility of direct repurchase at NAV related prices by the Mutual Fund. 5. CONVENIENCE: Investing in a Mutual Fund reduces paperwork and helps you avoid many problems such as bad deliveries, delayed payments and follow up with brokers and companies. Mutual Funds save your time and make investing easy and convenient. 6. TAX BENEFIT: Some mutual fund schemes offer you tax benefits under section 80C. 7. LOW COSTS: Mutual Funds are a relatively less expensive way to invest compared to directly investing in the capital markets because the benefits of scale in brokerage, custodial and other fees translate into lower costs for investors. 8. FLEXIBILITY: Through features such as regular investment plans, regular withdrawal plans and dividend reinvestment plans, you can systematically invest or withdraw funds according to your needs and convenience. Switch over option for switching to/from some other existing fund is also offered by some mutual funds. 9. AFFORDABILITY: Investors individually may lack sufficient funds to invest in high-grade stocks. A mutual fund because of its large corpus allows even a small investor to take the benefit of its investment strategy. 10. VARIETY OF SCHEMES: Mutual Funds offer a variety of schemes to investors thus giving an option to choose a scheme that suits the investors varying needs over a lifetime. 11. WELL REGULATED: All Mutual Funds are registered with SEBI and they function within the provisions and strict regulations designed to protect the interests of investors. The operations of Mutual Funds are regularly monitored by SEBI. TYPES OF RISK INVOLVED MARKET RISK The NAV of the scheme investing in equity will fluctuate as the daily prices of the individual securities in which they invest fluctuate and the units when redeemed may be worth more or less than the original cost. NON-MARKET RISK Bad news about an individual company can pull down its stock price, which can affect, negatively, funds holding a large quantity of that stock. This risk can be reduced by having a diversified portfolio that consists of a wide variety of stocks drawn from different industries. INTEREST RATE RISK Price of securities and interest rates move in opposite directions. When interest rates rise, security prices fall and this decline in underlying securities affects the NAV negatively. The extent of the negative impact is dependant on factors such as maturity profile, liquidity etc. CREDIT RISK Bonds are debt obligations. So when the funds invest in corporate bonds, they run the risk of the corporate defaulting on their interest payment and the principal payment obligations and when that risk crystallizes it leads to a fall in the value of the bond causing the NAV of the fund to take a beating. ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL FUNDS IN INDIA (AMFI) With the increase in mutual fund players in India, a need for mutual fund association in India was generated to function as a non-profit organization. Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) was incorporated on 22nd August, 1995. AMFI is an apex body of all Asset Management Companies (AMC) which has been registered with SEBI. Till date all the AMCs are that have launched mutual fund schemes are its members. It functions under the supervision and guidelines of its Board of Directors. Association of Mutual Funds India has brought down the Indian Mutual Fund Industry to a professional and healthy market with ethical lines enh ancing and maintaining standards. It follows the principle of both protecting and promoting the interests of mutual funds as well as their unit holders. As of now, all the 39 Asset Management Companies that are registered with SEBI are its members. AMFI functions under the supervision and guidance of a Board of Directors Its objectives are as follows: *It maintains a high professional and ethical standards in all areas of operation of the industry. *It also recommends and promotes the top class business practices and code of conduct which is followed by members and related people engaged in the activities of mutual fund and asset management *AMFI interacts with SEBI and works according to SEBIs guidelines in the mutual fund industry. *Association of Mutual Fund of India do represent the Government of India, the Reserve Bank of India and other related bodies on matters relating to the Mutual Fund Industry. *It develops a team of well qualified and trained Agent distributors. *It implements a programme of training and certification for all intermediaries and other engaged in the mutual fund industry. *AMFI undertakes all India awarness programme for investors inorder to promote proper understanding of the concept and working of mutual funds.

Constitutional Developments During The Period Between 1860...

During the period between 1860 and 1877, many major changes occurred in America. There were many constitutional developments in this time period, which include the Emancipation Proclamation, the Civil War, and newly added Amendments. There were also many social developments included the Ku Klux Klan and voting of black people. Some of these developments were a revolution, which is a forcible overthrow of the government or social order in favor of a new system, and some were not. The constitutional developments started when the South tried to secede from the Union. The election of the anti-slavery Republican, Abraham Lincoln, as president in 1860 caused seven southern states to secede from the Union to form the Confederate States of†¦show more content†¦When the Confederacy did not stop, Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. The proclamation declared, That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freed om.† (Lincoln, 1863) Lincoln was re-elected in 1864, by Northern voters, for his second term, which ended all hope for a negotiated settlement with the Confederacy. Four years into the war and the Confederates start to surrendered after the re-election and the suffrage of the troops. The Union, out of default, won and the Southern states became part of America again. When the Civil War ended it proved that it was not a revolution because if it was then the Southern states would’ve successfully seceded. When the war ended slaves were finally considered â€Å"free†. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and was passed by the Congress on January 31st, 1865, and Constitutional Developments During The Period Between 1860... During the period between 1860 and 1877, many major changes occurred in America. There were many constitutional developments in this time period, which include the Emancipation Proclamation, the Civil War, and newly added Amendments. There were also many social developments included the Ku Klux Klan and voting of black people. Some of these developments were a revolution, which is a forcible overthrow of the government or social order in favor of a new system, and some were not. The constitutional developments started when the South tried to secede from the Union. The election of the anti-slavery Republican, Abraham Lincoln, as president in 1860 caused seven southern states to secede from the Union to form the Confederate States of America. Four more states tried seceding by using the 10th amendment, which declared â€Å"the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states.† The secession of Southern states caused a Civil War, which was, by itself, not a revolution. The Civil War is considered â€Å"America’s bloodiest clash†, which started in 1861 and ended in 1865. The Union was pitted against the Confederate States and resulted in the death of more than 620,000, with millions more injured. The war was over issues including states’ rights versus federal authority, westward expansion, and slavery. 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The story of Alice Sebold’s memoir begins with her as a...

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Hong Kong Business Law Assignment Free Essays

Hong Kong Business Law Assignment 1 1. Zoe wants to sue the retailer to claim back property damage of $22,000. The consumer claim to sue the retailer of HK$22,000 is a minor monetary claim. We will write a custom essay sample on Hong Kong Business Law Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Smalls Claims Tribunal was set up to deal with monetary claims involving amounts not exceeding HK$50,000. It is an inferior court which provides a quick , inexpensive and informal method of adjudicating disputes relating to minor monetary claim. Legal representation is not allowed. It is most feasible for Zoe to claim back the HK$22,000 with minimal litigation costs. 2. Possess 0. 05 gram ketamine is categorized as a summary offence. Legal actions for summary offences can be heard in the Magistracy. The Magistracy was set up to exercise criminal jurisdiction over a wide range of indictable and summary offences meriting up to 2 years’ imprisonment and a fine of $100,000. Magistrate can also issue warrants, bind a person over to keep the peace and a grant bail. 3. Annie will bring an action under the tort law. Tort law concerns with claims for property damage and personal injuries directly arising out of breaches of a duty of care owed by one individual to another. Tort law provides compensation for both injury to the person and property, causing pure economic loss and for injury. The District Court has limited jurisdiction in both civil and criminal matters. It has civil jurisdiction to hear monetary claims from $ 50,001 and up to $ 1 million. The common types of civil action that the District Court deals with are claims for breach of contract and tort claims. Legal actions for tort claims can be heard in the district court. As Annie wants to claim for claim compensation of HK $85,000, the amount is within the civil jurisdiction of the District Court. Annie can apply to the District Court and a judge will determine whether or not Annie’s case will succeed. 4. Bonnie Li can apply to the Labour Tribunal for the unreasonable dismissal by Asia Construction Materials Ltd. Labour Tribunal was set up to provide a quick, inexpensive and informal method of setting disputes between employees and employers. Legal representation is not allowed. It deals with claims arising from the breach of a term of a contract of employment including employment protection. An employee may claim for remedies against an employer under situation of unreasonable dismissal. It is most feasible for Bonnie Li to recover salary in lieu of notice, relevant accrued fringe benefits owed by the employer and other associated compensation with minimal litigation costs. 5. Henry can apply to the Court of First Instance of the High Court for a legal action for judicial review of the decision of the Legislative Council. Constitutional Law are rules which effect distribution and exercise of power and relate to legislature, the executive institutions and the judiciary. Under the Basic Law, legislative council of HKSAR is deemed in law as â€Å"legislature of the Region†. Because the Court of First Instance can exercise supervisory jurisdictions. Supervisory jurisdiction is exercised over inferior courts, tribunals, administrative authorities or public bodies acting judicially through applications for judicial review procedure by the alleged aggravated party. A judge will determine whether or not Henry’s case will succeed. How to cite Hong Kong Business Law Assignment, Essay examples

Information Security System of Foodland Supermarkets Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Information Security System of Foodland Supermarkets. Answer: Introduction Overview of strategic information security With the new emphasis on both the physical and digital information insecurity issues resulting from illegal users and terrorist threats, Asani (2014) points out that many organizations and information security professionals focus on strategies that will help in curbing the issue. Every business currently tries to adopt security systems that will help in protecting the information assets of their businesses. As a result, Kearney andKruger (2016) assert that emphases are made of the broader roles of the different information security systems. The resulting effect is sound security policies in line with the strategic goals that provide insights to organizational managers and IT professionals on issues that are surrounding the protection of valuable information assets (D'Arcy, Herath Shoss 2014, p. 286). In this century, information security system is an emerging issue that has become a big issue in the information systems. Therefore, a strategic information security is used to help in achieving the strategic security goals of an organization (Boss et al. 2016, 850). With the competitive business environment of the 21st century, information security is a major issue that requires strategic planning and implementation so that every organization can be equipped with the insecurity issues experienced in the current market. However, Boss et al. (2015) reiterates that effective information security systems rely not just on procedures and policies or even hardware and software, but hinges on a mindset that the security of an organization is a core part of the business management other than just an afterthought. Objective of the report With the advancement in technology, businesses have not only progressed positively but have also been exposed to different threats according to Sohrabi et al. (2016, p. 56). Information insecurity is hence a major issue of the current business century with increasing reports of fraud, leakage of business secrets, corruption, information loss among other challenges as identified by D'Arcy, Herath, and Shoss (2015, p. 290). It is thus aimed at giving a description of the importance of Information Security systems and the role it plays in the organization. The paper is thus aimed at providing the overview and analysis of the current information security threats and challenges experienced in the current business. Like Foodland Supermarkets, Asani (2014) points out that once an organization incorporates security information systems, it boosts its security and competitive ability, among other useful management practices and effectively use their human resources thus increasing the producti vity of the resources. The management of Foodland Supermarkets can thus take note of its key objectives in their information security system to identify the possible areas of development. Structure of the report This paper presents a case study of the Foodland supermarkets in Australia. The paper gives a case study overview of the information security systems of Foodland Supermarkets adopted with the aim of not only improving the customer satisfaction and increasing their customer base but boosting the security as well. The paper thus begins by presenting an overview of information security systems and the current issues facing the handling of the general information in the current business. With Foodland Supermarkets as a case study, the paper addresses strategies adopted in controlling risks to information security adopted protection mechanisms, and analysis of the personnel involved in the process. It as well examines the PRT network monitor as well as the laws and ethics behind an information security system that governs organizations such as Foodland Supermarkets while implementing the information security systems. Information security assessment and organizational discussion Controlling risk When Colin Rugless made a retirement decision, he needed a clear succession strategy so as to pass the ownership as well as the management of the four Foodland stores to his son and daughter. It was a renowned family business in the community that had a successful performance and management history in the food industry. The succession hence required a strategic solution that would not only provide a peace of mind for Mr. Colin but would also protect the hard-earned assets and maintain the good reputation of the business. Buck (2013) in his article reports that challenges of insecurity were a major issue as a result of technological advancement that was becoming a vital requirement so as to remain competitive in the food industry. As a result, the management and the employees adopted information security systems as one of the modern ways of embracing technology while maintaining the security of the business as well. The adoption of the strategy was adopted under three major steps. First, Foodland Supermarkets ensured that the management and the employees of Foodland Supermarkets received through education and training on information security. In their study, Chen, Ramamurthy, and Wen (2012) point out that education and training is one of an essential information security issues currently affecting many businesses. It has thus been identified by IT directors, CISOs, managers, and staff among other security stakeholders as a major requirement for any business with a competitive strategic objective in the current technological business environment (Cram, Brohman, Gallupe 2016, p. 89). Foodland Supermarkets hence ensured that they went ahead in providing awareness on information security to the staff as a mandatory procedure in their selection and recruitment process as well as training and development for employees. The training process integrated the assistance of external IT communicators and security professionals, some of who were employed by to ensure the p rocess is efficient. Secondly, Foodland Supermarkets management developed an achievable and effective information security system that will strategically respond to the culture and business operation of the food industry so as elevate the security concerns within the business. According to Chatterjee, Sarker, Valacich (2015), effective information security systems helps in outlining high-level priorities and strategic goals of an information security program adopted by an organization. Te strategies should thus demonstrate the relationship of the relationship between the information security and the overall organizational mission so as to identify how the system will assist the organization in achieving its strategic security objectives. Adopting the system has thus enabled the organization to prioritize investments and resources towards information security. Thirdly, the organization planned and implemented next-generation security technologies that can effectively respond to the evolving security threats faced by food industries as a result of the advancement of technology. With the increase in the cloud security concerns and the internet technology, Yue (2015) points out that there are other emerging information security sophisticated threats. It is hence necessary that Foodland Supermarkets adopts technologies and tools that can help in the identification and mitigation of both the existing and emerging threats as one of the utmost essential to the employed IT communicators and security professionals. According to Sohrabi et al. (2016), the planning for an effective next-generation security procedure needs to be done in agreement with the modern ethical legislations and security protocols. As a result, Foodland Supermarkets is assured of integrating the relevant and ethical IT architecture components and roadmap infrastructure that wi ll ensure a secure and stable environment for the business operation of the enterprise. Protection and information security mechanisms With assistance from external advisory committees, the new management held a frequent meeting with the advisory so as to come up with strategic security objectives, management procedures, and necessary counseling that would see the business through to the next level. Such a step hence gave the new management clear understanding of some of the vital insecurity threats that needed to be addressed among other vital management issues. With the assistance from Williams advisory committee, the new management of the enterprise adopted different management strategies that would not only boost the security of the business but will as well improve their customer satisfaction in the competitive market. The protection mechanism adopted by the organization hence focused on the various aspects of the life-cycle involved in building security programs. The step was aimed at emphasizing to the employees and regulation authorities concerned that security was an ongoing effort within the organization. For instance, Bernik and Prislan (2016) point out that open wireless networks, as well as credit card thefts, are common information security threats to many organizations. Foodland Supermarkets have thus implemented robust security procedures and policies that can help in managing such vices within the organization. The mechanism presents a high-level view of the roles of security managers that can be integrated with the strategic focus of the organization. The management hence ensured a distribution of roles by adopting strategies that showed the responsibilities of the chief information security officers and the chief security officers within the enterprise. Foodland Supermarkets IT professionals thus explore the authentication strategies and models that can deliver the relevant or emerging information security overviews depending on the level of advancement of technological tools adopted to secure the business information for the enterprise. The IT information security department of the organization have a listing of the valuable Internet-based information security resources. Chatterjee, Sarker, and Valacich (2015) point out that such resources are essential in examining the information system security tasks and concepts to ensure secure business continuity, information risks management and r eduction, as well as testing and auditing of the information security procedures adopted by an organization. Personnel and Security In the attempt of ensuring an ethical and legal information security procedure, Bernik and Prislan (2016) point out that developing a strategic system is a top issue. As a result, developing such strategies is a step that is essential in establishing information security as an organizational strategy rather than just an operational concern. In their study, Bruwer and Rawbone-Viljoen (2015) point out that the step requires a strategic plan with high set o f priorities that are in line with the organizational strategic security objectives. The study point out that information security system is more than recitations of the innovative technologies to secure both individual and organizational data. Foodland Supermarket has adopted information security strategies that are flexible so as to enable a quick response to the existing as well as emerging information insecurity issues facing organizations as a result of technological innovations. The system has short- and long T term objectives, metrics, and performance targets as a step towards elevating vital information security management concerns for the enterprise. When it comes to the employment of personnel, the company does not take part in employing the underage. Aside from this being illegal, it is against their set objectives since a minor has no qualified skills. In order for the company to maximize their profits, it cannot depend on unskilled labour since mistakes are bound to happen. Furthermore, the company will be risking their closure since minors are not supposed to labour until they are adults In every organization, teamwork is an essential human resource management strategy that is essential to achieving the set goals and objectives for different organizations. In their study, Steinbart et al. (2016) point out that every employee within the workforce has a responsibility to play in helping business organizations to achieve their strategic objectives. For Foodland supermarkets, the objective of achieving secure organizational and customer security information is not only a responsibility to the IT officials. The management has ensured that all the employees acquire the relevant information security skills as a regular training program for the new and existing employees. However, most of the duty is left to the management as well as the IT officers who have the professional qualifications to ensure that the organization adopts a system that is relevant, sustainable and in line with the strategic objective of the organization. Law and ethics Education and training of most IT specialists and managers of information systems tend to focus mainly on the technical skills and knowledge. However, Bruwer and Rawbone-Viljoen (2013) point out that they focus very little on how the abilities can be misused by many users. In fact, many of the IT professional managers and professionals approach their work and training from a hackers perspective. Most of the IT professionals like software engineers tend to get access to knowledge and confidential data on individuals and companies that can give them a great deal of power (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi, Talaei-Khoei 2014, p. 84). Some of the power can be used deliberately in a wrong way that can harm the progress of other people or result in loss of information. In their study, Sen and Bourne (2016) point out that is essential for a company to ensure that its employees are trained on the ethical and laws governing information security of both the organization and the individual customers. For Foodland Supermarkets, ethics is paramount not only on the issues regarding customers and organizational information but even in customer service as well. The management hence ensures that the IT communicators, as well as other employees, are trained and developed towards achieving ethical professional practices in the process of their service delivery to customers of the business. Foodland Supermarkets hence consider best ISO information security standards and practices that meet the global standards of data protection. In his study, Gupta and Saini (2013) points out ISO/IEC 27001:2013 as essential in the implementation, maintenance, and improvement within any organizational context. Ensuring the organization meets this standard hence enables it to meet the ethical laws and standards that are vital in the data security management for the organization. These ethical standards have enabled the organization to uniform agreement and understanding on both functional and non-functiona l requirements in the process of designing effective information systems that are compatible with a competitive food industry requirement (D'Arcy, Herath Shoss 2014, p. 286). PRT Network Monitor report The use of a network report tool like the PRT network monitor is essential for administrators in keeping control of the organizational network (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi, Talaei-Khoei 2014, p. 84 and Asani 2015, p. 5). The tool is essential in identifying bandwidth usage trends and networks, monitor the uptime and availability of different network devices, as well as checking performance matrix like RAM and CPU usage for the organizations servers and computers. The PRTG Network report hence helps the organization in collecting and displaying monitored information and data in ways that can easily be interpreted and reported (Prislan 2016, p. 1). According to Jingguo, Gupta and Rao (2015), PRT network report is essential for organizations that have adopted different information security system strategies. For Foodland enterprise, the implementation of the network enables the organization to; PRTG enables the enterprise to easily manage and compare the current and historical data that is essential in doing resource planning, troubleshooting window networks, or running Ethernet performance tests within the information security systems. It makes the selected data available upon request to a defined set of users thus initiating the use of presentation tools like graphs for easy interpretation of the information and organizational data. It thus helps in monitoring access to both individual and information data hence preventing access by unauthorized users as a way of monitoring the data (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi, Talaei-Khoei 2014, p. 84). It is a powerful and as well as a cost-effective network monitoring tool that helps in securely generating detailed reports for summary reports according to Steinbart et al. (2016). It hence gives managers and other organizational stakeholders a quick overview of the progress of the organization as well as possible security information risks that can affect the organization. Conclusion Information security is an issue of paramount importance to every business that adopts the current technological business innovations in the connected business world. It is hence essential for institutions to openly share ideas and collaborate so as to assist the business community moving forward with matters of information security. Every business hence needs to develop a strategic and effective information security systems responding to the culture and institutional organization that can elevate concerns of information security to the organizational activities. A competitive business organization also needs to ensure a competitive working environment by adopting regular training and development procedures for the employees on the relevant information security issues effective the current nature of the business industry. It is hence essential to develop security policies for the cloud, mobile, and digital resources to as to help in issues of data access, handling, control, and user- awareness with the aim of reducing the major information insecurity threats faced in the current business environment. References Amrollahi, A, Ghapanchi, AH Talaei-Khoei, A 2014, Three decades of research on strategic information system plan development, Communications of the Association for Information Systems,vol. 34, no. 1, p.84. Asani, E.O., 2014. A Review Of Trends Of Authentication Mechanisms For Access Control.Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics Allied Research Journal,5(2). Bernik, I, Prislan, K 2016, 'Measuring Information Security Performance with 10 by 10 Model for Holistic State Evaluation',Plos ONE, 11, 9, pp. 1-33, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Boss, S, Galletta, D, Benjamin Lowry, P, Moody, G, Polak, P 2015, 'What do systems users have to fear? using fear appeals to engender threats and fear that motivate protective security behaviors',MIS Quarterly, 39, 4, pp. 837-864, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Bruwer, J Rawbone-Viljoen, C 2013, BYOB as a risk-reduction strategy (RRS) for wine consumers in the Australian on-premise foodservice sector: Exploratory insights,International Journal of Hospitality Management,vol. 32, pp.21-30. Chatterjee, S, Sarker, S, Valacich, J 2015, 'The Behavioral Roots of Information Systems Security: Exploring Key Factors Related to Unethical IT Use',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 31, 4, pp. 49-87, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Chen, Y, Ramamurthy, K, Wen, K 2012, 'Organizations' Information Security Policy Compliance: Stick or Carrot Approach?',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 29, 3, pp. 157-188, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Cram, W, Brohman, K, Gallupe, R 2016, 'Information Systems Control: A Review and Framework for Emerging Information Systems Processes',Journal Of The Association For Information Systems, 17, 4, pp. 216-266, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. D'Arcy, J, Herath, T, Shoss, M 2014, 'Understanding Employee Responses to Stressful Information Security Requirements: A Coping Perspective',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 31, 2, pp. 285-318, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Gupta, S, Saini, A 2013, 'Information System Security and Risk Management: Issues and Impact on Organizations',Global Journal Of Enterprise Information System, 5, 1, pp. 31-35, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Jingguo, W, Gupta, M, Rao, H 2015, 'Insider threats in a financial institution: analysis of attack-proneness of information systems applications',MIS Quarterly, 39, 1, pp. 91-A7, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Kearney, W, Kruger, H 2016, 'Can perceptual differences account for enigmatic information security behaviour in an organisation?',Computers Security, 61, pp. 46-58, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Prislan, K 2016, Network reporting tool: Analyze and visualize network usage trends using prtg network monitor, Retrieved from https://www.paessler.com/network_reporting_tool Sen, R, Borle, S 2015, 'Estimating the Contextual Risk of Data Breach: An Empirical Approach',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 32, 2, pp. 314-341, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Sohrabi, N, Safa, N, Von Solms, R, Furnell, S 2016, 'Information security policy compliance model in organizations',Computers Security, 56, pp. 50-72, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 201 Steinbart, P, Raschke, R, Gal, G, Dilla, W 2016, 'SECURQUAL: An Instrument for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Enterprise Information Security Programs',Journal Of Information Systems, 30, 1, pp. 71-92, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016. Yue, W 2012, 'Information Security Outsourcing with System Interdependency and Mandatory Security Requirement',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 29, 3, pp. 117-156, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 October 2016.